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Grade Six: A Model Unit for Teaching Drama in Context


This model unit focuses on teachers and students developing a contextual drama. The model unit provided is a case study of how one drama was structured. Teachers and students will choose their own topics for exploration.

Background Information

This class of grade six students has just returned to school after their summer holiday. The teacher has structured the following drama to launch their drama program. Most of the students have two years of experience working within dramatic situations. For three students, who are attending the school for the first time, the experience is new.

Teacher Notes can be view by clicking on the links contained in this document.

Choosing the Topic

The teacher welcomes the students to the second drama class of the year. He says that, as most of them know, they will have lots of opportunity as the year progresses to discuss their drama work and to choose what their dramas will be about. He says that because he wants to get a sense of how they work within dramatic situations and because there are some students in the class for whom doing dramas is a new experience, he has taken the liberty of choosing a topic and structuring a drama with which to begin the year. He tells them that this drama contains a mystery and an investigation and he asks them if they are willing to go along with it. The students agree.

(Teacher Note) The teacher says they will now begin to work. He suggests they rearrange the furniture in the room so that their chairs are set in a circle. (Note) He says he will leave the room momentarily and when he returns, he will do so in role; that is, as someone else. He tells them that, from what he says, they will know who he is and where they are. He says that as they begin to accept the fiction, each of them should be able to identify a role for themselves and to feel comfortable enough to participate in role. He asks them if they are ready to begin and tells them that he will return in just a few seconds. As he leaves the room, he turns the first blank page on a flip chart just outside the circle of chairs to reveal the following:

Help Wanted: Reputable detective agency seeks experienced private investigators. Interested persons are asked to write Box 1009, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S9S 1F3. Please provide resum‚, including detailed employment record and three references. (Note)

Because most of the students have a couple of years of experience working within dramatic situations and know how dramas "work", the teacher does not spend much time setting this drama up. Perhaps, if the class was generally less experienced working within dramas, he may have chosen to attempt to describe what working in role means and how dramas "work". Of course, it is best for students, whatever their level of experience, to discover these things simply by "doing". Teachers should always remember that a drama can be stopped at any time in order for the class to discuss what is happening.

Working Within the Drama

Students and Teacher in Role/Meeting -- Whole Group

The students will:

The teacher in role(Note) enters the room, welcomes those present and introduces himself as the owner and chief investigator of the detective agency. He says he is certain that they have recognized the "Help Wanted" ad on the chart as the one to which each had recently responded. He says it was he who placed the ad in papers across the country and that he was both surprised and pleased to receive so many excellent applications. He says that those present have submitted such sterling resumés that they have all been short-listed. He says that, as he had explained to each one of them on the telephone, this meeting had been arranged so that he could meet with them face-to-face and find out a little more about them and their past experiences as investigators. (Note) He says that he does not want to discuss the case with them until he is certain that they are the people he will work with, and that if they are ready to jump a few hurdles in that direction, they should waste no time and get on with it. He asks if there are any questions or comments to this point.(Note) One student in role comments that she has been out of work for six months and would like to get on with the assignment as soon as possible. She asks whether they couldn't have some indication of what the case is about now, just to get them thinking about it. Another students says that, while working on his last job, he had developed a disguise which had proved instrumental in the breaking of the case. He asks whether a disguise might come in handy this time. The teacher in role asks these students and the others to be patient. He repeats that he cannot discuss particulars of the case until he is sure about them so they had better get on with the interviews and some skill- testing tasks.(Note)

Reflection/Out of Role -- Whole Group

The students will:

  • demonstrate a willingness to reflect upon the work publicly
  • express thoughts and feelings verbally (C).

    (Note) Out of role, (Note) the students and teacher discuss the opening episode of the drama. One student says that because her grade five class did quite a few dramas, it was easy to get involved with this one. She says that she is quite curious to learn the details of this case. Another says that when they were in grade four some of them had done a detective drama about the discovery of an old pirate treasure.(Note) That drama had been developed from a story and he hoped this wasn't the same one. One of the students who had never worked within a dramatic context before says that it was quite interesting to watch the teacher pretending to be someone else and that she didn't really understand what she was supposed to do until some of the other students said something. She says it is kind of fun and she wonders what is going to happen next. (Note)

    Writing in Role -- Individual

    The students will:

  • demonstrate purposeful use of language when writing in role
  • imagine and manipulate ideas (CCT).

    As the bell is about to ring, the teacher says that the drama will continue next period with the interviews and the skill-testing tasks that he had mentioned when in role. He refers to the "Help Wanted" ad on the chart. He reminds the students that each of them submitted an application that included three letters of reference. He asks whether they understand what that means. Following a brief discussion to clarify the definition and intent of a letter of reference, a homework assignment is given.(Note) Students will come to the next drama class with a letter of reference written in role as someone for whom each had previously worked on a successful case. The letter will make clear the nature of that case, briefly outline the chain of events which led to its successful conclusion and, finally, describe why this investigator should be hired by the detective agency. The teacher, when asked, agrees to come up with such a letter as well.(Note)

    Brainstorming -- Whole Group

    The students will:

  • initiate ideas which contribute to the progress of their drama work
  • participate in brainstorming activities in order to generate ideas that will contribute to their belief in the dramatic situation (CCT).

    As the next drama class beings, the students are again asked to arrange their chairs in a circle. Joining the circle, the teacher welcomes the students and asks them to keep their letters of reference, but to have them handy. He says that the drama will continue as promised but before they resume, he wonders whether it wouldn't be a good idea to spend a few minutes talking about the qualities, skills and abilities that an individual who is a successful investigator might possess. He asks the students to think quietly about these for a moment. He moves his chair out of the circle and replaces it with the flip chart. The students brainstorm a list of the attributes of a good investigator:

  • a black belt in karate
  • patience
  • a good memory
  • ability to pick locks
  • a distinctive hat
  • a trench coat and costumes of all kinds
  • knowledge of electronic devices
  • sharp-shooting skills
  • a good brain that can put "two and two" together
  • connections with the underworld and the police
  • the ability to "sneak around" and eavesdrop.

    The teacher compliments the students on their list and comments that he expects they will find some of these suggestions reflected in the letter-writing they prepared for today's class. First, it is time to resume the drama.(Note)

    Concentration and Observation Games -- Whole Group/Individual

    The students will:

  • sustain belief in the drama
  • demonstrate the ability to use a range of strategies within their dramas.

    (Note) The teacher in role welcomes the students in role back to the agency and tells them it is time, as promised, to attempt a few skill-testing tasks.

    He asks the applicants to observe the actions he makes and to imitate them.(Note) He claps his hands twice, slaps his knees twice (right hand to right knee and left hand to left knee simultaneously) and snaps thumb and forefinger of each hand one after the other, creating a six-beat pattern that he repeats over and over again. He observes them closely and maintains the rhythmic pattern until everyone has successfully joined in. He ceases the rhythm. Those who were observing him carefully also stop, while others continue until the movement and sound fade out unevenly. The teacher in role reminds them that they were meant to observe him and to imitate his action and his absence of action! He says that they will try again and this time he will change the pattern as they go along. If they are observing him carefully, they should be able to alter their actions at almost the same instant that he alters his and to stop at almost the same instant as he stops. He again leads the group, altering his actions twice. This time the group is somewhat more successful in altering their actions and becoming still at the same time as the teacher in role. The teacher in role now asks for a volunteer. The volunteer is told that he or she will be asked to leave the room, and when requested to return, will observe those in the circle in order to identify which person is leading and altering the action. As the volunteer exits, one of the others is asked to lead the group in a series of rhythmic actions. The group is asked to observe the leader and to alter their actions as the leader does. They are asked, however, not to stare directly at the leader but rather to be somewhat surreptitious in their observation in order to attempt to dupe the volunteer who awaits in the hall. The volunteer is invited to return to the room and is asked to observe the group and identify the leader. This is repeated several times with new volunteers and leaders. The group then has an opportunity to talk about this game and to express their thinking about their ability to concentrate and to make observations.

    The students in role are now asked to take pencils and paper and to write the numbers one through twenty down the side of the page. These are set under their chairs. The teacher in role leaves the circle and returns immediately carrying a large tray covered with a cloth. He explains that twenty small objects have been set on the tray. In a moment, he will remove the cloth and each of them will carefully and quietly observe the array of objects.(Note) He asks them to please not touch the objects or make any comments or ask any questions about the items. If there is something on the tray that they are unable to identify by name, they are simply to describe it when it is time to list what they can recall from their study of the objects. He tells them that after sixty seconds he will cover the tray with the cloth and they will individually record as many items as they can recall. They will have as much time as necessary to complete the task and they are to do their own work. He asks whether there are any questions. As there are none, he unveils the objects and watches the second hand on the classroom clock. When sixty seconds have passed, the tray of objects is covered and removed from the centre of the circle. The students quietly begin to compile their lists.

    Within five minutes, the students have stalled. No one has been able to recall all twenty items. They compare lists in partners. Those who still do not have a complete list work in groups of four. The game comes to a successful conclusion.

    (Note)

    The teacher in role tells them that, while these tasks may appear quite simple, he is able to observe them at work and is quite impressed by how well they are doing. He says he is very close to making a decision as to which of them he'll hire but first he must make a careful consideration of the letters of reference.

    Sharing Writing in Role -- Individual and Pairs

    The students will:

  • begin to recognize that co-operative effort is an essential ingredient in drama work
  • work co-operatively and contribute positively in group learning activities (PSVS).

    (Note)

    The teacher asks the students to bring their letters to the circle. As the students return to the circle, the teacher asks them whether they would now like to read their own letter of reference to the others or whether they would first like to read and discuss it with a partner and then present it to the others.(Note) The students say that they would like to read and discuss with a partner first. They choose their own partners and set to work.(Note)

    After about ten minutes, the teacher asks whether they are ready to read the letters aloud. A couple of students ask if they may read each other's and the teacher agrees. He says they may read the letters from their chairs or they may stand in the centre of the circle. The students ask the teacher if he will read his first, which he does. A number of students have decided to read their partner's letter; some of them go into the centre of the circle in pairs. The class is over before all of the letters have been heard. The teacher asks the students to hand in the letters and tells them that at the beginning of the next class he will return those that have not yet been read.(Note)

    The next period begins with the reading of the remaining letters of reference(Note) followed by a discussion about the content of the letters. The letters describe many different cases from the kidnapping of school teachers, to missing children, to murder, to international terrorism, to investigations of UFO sightings, to computer fraud and bank robberies. The students add to their list of attributes of a good investigator with:

  • honesty
  • trustworthiness
  • one who works hard at something until the work is done
  • risk-taker
  • fast runner
  • creative thinker.

    (Note)

    Meeting/Teacher in Role -- Whole Group

    The students will:

  • accept and sustain belief in the drama
  • develop the ability to sustain belief in their own role and in the roles of others
  • imagine and manipulate ideas (CCT).

    The teacher in role says that he had no idea that he would receive so many excellent applications and that, if they are still interested in working with him, he would like to have them all.(Note) He says he had not intended to hire so many investigators to assist him with this case but he has been provided with a large budget and he believes that with so many well-qualified people on the case, they should be able to get to the bottom of it more quickly. He asks whether they are interested in the job. Some indicate that they are, others say that they would like to withhold their decision until they know what the case is about.

    The teacher in role says he was very pleased to note that many of the letters of reference had spoken about honesty and trustworthiness. He says what he is about to tell them is of the utmost confidence. Not only is it possible that a person's life is in danger, but he is lead to believe that although the police investigation has come up against a lot of dead ends and has slowed down in the last couple of months, it is nonetheless still underway.(Note)

    He says the case involves the mysterious disappearance of an internationally-known rock star.(Note) He says he is certain that they will all be aware of the incident as it has been in headlines around the world for about the last three months and is believed to have occurred in Saskatoon. Since the opening of Saskatchewan Place many big-name stars, some of whom had never heard of Saskatchewan before their agents booked concerts there, have appeared in Saskatoon much to the delight of the fans. This disappearance is not only significant to the individual's family, band organization and fans, but also to the management of Saskatchewan Place, who report that bookings of well-known rock and pop artists have dropped off drastically since this incident.(Note) The police have apparently very little to report after three months of investigation and the teacher in role has been approached by the star's agent and by a representative of Saskatchewan Place to begin an independent investigation. He reminds them again that he has been cautioned to be discreet as the police investigation is still underway. He asks them whether they have any questions or comments to this point and several of those present ask how long they have to wait before they learn who it is they are talking about. The teacher says he felt certain this question would arise and he thinks they should come out of role to discuss this particular detail.(Note)

    Brainstorming/Out of Role -- Whole Group

    The students will:

  • contribute to the consensus-building and decision-making inherent in drama work
  • exercise choice in selection of an idea that will direct the course of their investigation (IL)

  • respond sensitively to the ideas and comments of others (PSVS).

    The teacher first asks the students whether they think it is necessary for the rock star mentioned in the drama to be identified. There is unanimous agreement. The teacher next asks whether the rock star could be an imaginary one for whom they could create a persona or whether they would prefer to decide that the person in question is an actual star. All but two of the students want the rock star to be one they actually know about.(Note) The teacher says they had better decide who that will be and asks them to call out suggestions as he records them on chart paper. The students come up with the following names:

  • Axl Rose of Guns 'n Roses
  • Bryan Adams
  • Michael Jackson
  • Whitney Houston
  • Florent Vollant of Kashtin
  • Madonna
  • Billy Ray Cyrus.(Note)

    The teacher asks whether they think they can reach a consensus on which of these stars to include in the drama. One of the students says she chooses Michael Jackson because he actually has disappeared and it would be interesting for the class to investigate the disappearance at the same time as a real-life investigation was taking place. Another student says she chooses Bryan Adams because she has seen him in concert and she thinks they should choose a Canadian. Another says Billy Ray is her favourite singer and she'd like an excuse to learn more about him. One of the boys says Axl Rose would definitely be the best choice because Axl is a sort of "bad boy" of rock and roll and it would be fun to imagine all of the reasons why he might disappear. As each suggestion is expressed, the other students nod or shake their heads, applaud or "boo and hiss" in response. The teacher intervenes by suggesting that perhaps this decision should be put to a vote. The students agree. The first vote, carried out by a show of hands, results in a tie between Bryan Adams and Axl Rose. The tie-breaking vote that follows results in Bryan Adam's winning by a slim majority and being declared the subject of the students' drama. The teacher says he hopes they will all participate willingly and eagerly in the drama, even though Bryan Adams was not everyone's first choice. He says he is looking forward to resuming the drama next period.

    Meeting/Students and Teacher in Role -- Whole Group

    (Note)

    The students will:

  • accept and sustain belief in the drama
  • make connections among their own experience, their imaginations and the dramatic situation
  • sustain belief in their own role and in the roles of others
  • use questioning as a tool to further their own and others' understanding (C).(Note)

    The drama resumes as the teacher in role welcomes the group back with the comment that he is certain that they all have been doing a good deal of thinking about Bryan Adams' disappearance since last he saw them. He says before they continue he must confirm that they are all interested in pursuing this case with him. Everyone says that they are. One of the boys says that he would like to get on with it as he thinks he already has a lead. The teacher in role says he agrees that they should begin planning the investigation immediately, but before they do he would like to tell them what other information he has. He reminds them that they have been hired by Adams' agent(Note) and the management of Saskatchewan Place and that he was told that the police investigation, which includes both local police and the RCMP with input from the FBI, is presently at a standstill. He says he learned from newspaper reports and from what he was told by those who approached him to take on the case that the star disappeared from his dressing room at Sask. Place, apparently without a trace. He had been seen leaving his Saskatoon hotel, had been driven to Sask. Place in a hired limo and had been safely escorted by his personal bodyguards to his dressing room. When he was paged to make his way to the stage, he was no where to be found. The teacher in role says it isn't a great deal to go on and asks whether they have questions or suggestions.

    The Grade Six Model Unit Continues

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