The scientifically literate person has developed numerous manipulative skills associated with science and technology.
The list of skills that follows represents manipulative skills important to the achievement of scientific literacy:
E1 using magnifying instruments D(K-12)
Some magnifying instruments include the magnifying lens, microscope, telescope, and overhead projector.
Example:
A student demonstrates proficiency in the use of a magnifying lens, a microscope, a telescope, an overhead projector, or a microphone.
E2 using natural environments D(K-12)
The student uses natural environments effectively and in appropriately sensitive ways (e.g., collecting, examining, and reintroducing specimens).
Example:
Students can do a study of the margin of a pond by observing and describing a particular section at two week intervals for three months. After they collect and examine specimens, they should reintroduce them to their natural environment.
E3 using equipment safely D(K-12)
The student demonstrates safe use of equipment in the laboratory, in the classroom, and in everyday experiences.
Example:
A student recognizes a situation where goggles should be worn, and puts them on before being instructed to wear them.
E4 using audiovisual aids D(K-12)
The student independently uses audiovisual aids
in communicating information. (Audiovisual aids include such things as: drawings, photographs, collages, televisions, radios, video cassette recorders, overhead projectors.)
Examples:
A student shows the teacher how to operate the VCR.A student uses a camera to record natural phenomena.
E5 computer interaction D(K-12)
The student uses the computer as an analytical tool, a tool to increase productivity, and as an extension of the human mind.
Examples:
Use photocells connected to an interface card, allowing the computer to be used as a timing device.Log on to an information network and communicate with students from other parts of the world.
Use computer software to do a simulation of a natural event.
E6 measuring distance P(K-1), D(2-12)
The student accurately measures distance with appropriate instruments or techniques such as rulers, metre sticks, trundle wheels, or rangefinders.
Example:
Determine the length and width of a room using a metre stick.
E7 manipulative ability P(K-2), D(3-12)
The student demonstrates an ability to handle objects with skill and dexterity.
Example:
A student uses a pair of tweezers and a hand magnifier to examine the inside of a flowering plant.
E8 measuring time P(1), D(2-12)
The student accurately measures time with appropriate instruments such as a watch, an hourglass, or any device which exhibits periodic motion.
Example:
A student uses a stopwatch to measure accurately short periods of time.
E9 measuring volume P(1), D(2-12) The student measures volume directly with graduated containers. The student also measures volume indirectly using calculations from mathematical relations.
Example:
Read the volume of a graduated cylinder.
E10 measuring temperature P(1), D(2-12)
The student accurately measures temperature with a thermometer or a thermocouple.
Example:
Place a thermometer where an accurate measurement can be obtained, and read to the nearest 0.5 degrees C.
E11 measuring mass P(2), D(3-12)
The student accurately measures mass with a double beam balance or by using other appropriate techniques.
Example:
Use a balance to determine the mass of an object.
E12 using electronic instruments P(5-8), D(9-12)
The student can use electronic instruments that reveal physical or chemical properties, or monitor biological functions.
Example:
Use a digital thermometer to measure the body temperature of several people.
E13 using quantitative relationships P(5-9), D(10-12)
The student uses mathematical expressions correctly.
Examples:
Calculate the volume of a cube given the length of one side.Calculate density from mass and volume data.