Assessment and Evaluation

Student evaluation is an important part of teaching as it allows the teacher to report the successes and challenges of the student to the parent. Evaluation also provides valuable feedback about how a student learns best. It is important that teachers use a variety of evaluation strategies to evaluate student progress. Additional information on evaluation of student achievement can be found in the Saskatchewan Education documents Student Evaluation: A Teacher Handbook, 1991 and Curriculum Evaluation in Saskatchewan, 1991.


It is important that the teacher discuss the evaluation strategies to be used in the course, when the evaluation can be expected to occur and the weighting of each evaluation strategy and how it relates to the overall student evaluation. The weighting of the evaluation should be determined in relation to the amount of time spent and emphasis placed on each area of the course, as suggested in the curriculum guide.


The Information Processing 10, 20, 30 curriculum provides many opportunities for teachers to use a variety of instructional and evaluation strategies. Evaluation instruments that may be used in the teaching of this course are included the Practical and Applied Arts Handbook. Sample copies of overall evaluation for the course, evaluation for general student skills and work study are included for teachers to adapt and use.


Here is a sample evaluation scheme:
Tests (written) 20%
Project work 15%
Homework and Assignments 10%
Classroom Presentations 5%
Work Study 25%
Final Examination 25%


Regular program evaluation could include a survey involving parents, students and employers to determine program effectiveness and needs for change, if any. Information specific to program evaluation is found in Saskatchewan Education's School-Based Program Evaluation Resource Book (1989) and the Practical and Applied Arts Handbook.


For more information about student evaluation refer to the Practical and Applied Arts Handbook (Saskatchewan Learning, 2002) or Student Evaluation: A Teacher Handbook (Saskatchewan Education, 1991).


For information about curriculum evaluation refer to Curriculum Evaluation in Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan Education, 1991).


Apportioning Emphasis Within a Module


There are four areas of importance within the modules of this curriculum where teachers will collect data on student progress. The four areas are: content, process, keyboarding skills, and attitude.


Information Processing will enable students to adapt to personal-use applications and the business world. Students use content and keyboarding skills to process information throughout the information processing cycle. Attitudes acceptable for business will need to be formed to facilitate student success in personal endeavours and future employment.


Straight-Copy Timed Writings


Historically, straight-copy timed writings (timings) have been a major tool in determining the keyboarding progress of students. In the past, students have been penalized for errors made during the typing of timed writings. Because word processing software allows for easy and immediate correction of errors during the input phase, and because this is the way students will eventually use their keyboarding skills, it is suggested that error correction during timed writings be allowed and encouraged. As the skill of immediate error recognition and correction is important, students should make corrections during a timed writing session, not after the designated time period has elapsed.


Timed writings begin in Module 2. The following is a suggested maximum timed interval for straight-copy timed writings at each grade level.


Information Processing 10.....3 mins.

Information Processing 20.....5 mins.

Information Processing 30.....5 mins.


Students may be given opportunities to attempt the same timed writing more than once in a timed session, two attempts may be appropriate. The goal of a succeeding attempt should be improving the previous keyboarding rate.


Calculating Keyboarding Rates


A keyboarding rate is determined by taking the total number of keyed words divided by the predetermined time interval in minutes. A word is defined as any five keystrokes.


If an error is not corrected at the conclusion of the timed writing, one word per uncorrected error may be deducted from the student's keyboarding rate. It is recommended that the product of such a timed writing be designated as ``correct words a minute,'' abbreviated CWAM.

\begin{displaymath}\frac{Words \ }{time\ (minutes)} -\ number\ of\ errors = CWAM \end{displaymath}



Assessing Keyboarding Skill Improvement


Students should be evaluated on their individual achievements in the skill of touch keyboarding.


In order for touch keyboarding to be a useful skill, it is strongly recommended that students strive to exceed a minimum of 25 CWAM by the end of the core module for Information Processing 10. Teachers of senior students are encouraged to investigate current industry standards for entry level positions in the work place. Touch keyboarding skills will be used throughout the Information Processing program and should improve with regular practice. Assessment on keyboarding skill development should be collected regularly.


The following three-phase plan can be used to collect data for evaluating skill improvement:


$\bullet$ Determination of an Entry Rate: To measure improvement in keystroking ability, a base or entry rate must be determined for each student. A pre-test could take a variety of forms. For example, the student may be given two three-minute timed writings of the same copy at the 10 level or five-minute timed intervals at the 20 and 30 levels. The highest rate achieved of the two timed writings would become the student's entry rate.
$\bullet$ Development and Improvement: Once an entry rate has been established, the student may begin to develop keystroking proficiency and improve touch keyboarding skill. Development and improvement can be achieved through exercises and tasks suggested within the curriculum.
$\bullet$ Determination of an Exit Rate: Upon completion of the development and improvement phase, a final or exit keystroking rate can be determined. The exit rate could be determined by selecting the highest timed writing rate obtained in the student's final three timed sessions.


Information on progress in extending the keyboarding rate can be determined by comparing the student's entry rate with the exit rate.


When determining the entry rate or exit rate, careful consideration should be given to ensure that the conditions established to determine the exit rate be identical to those established for the entrance rate. The following considerations will apply:


$\bullet$ The duration or length of the timing used to determine the exit rate should be the same as that used to determine the entry rate.
$\bullet$ The copy selected for the exit level timing should be of the same level of difficulty as the copy used to establish the entry rate. The type of copy and its syllabic intensity should be similar.
$\bullet$ The method used for calculating the exit rate should be the same as that used to establish the entry rate. For example, if the entry rate was established in correct words a minute, the exit rate should be determined applying the same standards in correct words a minute.


Timed writing information may be recorded in a timed writing log. This log can be used to chart a student's progress in keyboarding speed development and can be inserted into a student's portfolio of work. Timed writing information may be recorded by both the student and teacher. The information collected in the timed writing log, along with other information collected on student progress in keyboarding achievement, can be used in making an evaluation of keyboarding skill improvement.


The Skill of Keyboarding by Touch


Students need touch keyboarding skills in order to process information efficiently and effectively. Therefore, it is important for touch keyboarding skills to be developed and used throughout the Information Processing program. Teachers are encouraged to refer to Appendix A: Acquiring and Developing the Skill of Keyboarding, for support.


Three keyboarding modules are offered for skill development and maintenance. Module 2 focuses on acquiring the skill of keyboarding. This module is a core module and must be successfully completed prior to beginning any other module except Module 1 in a pure or a survey course. Module 5 is a 10-15 hour, repeatable module designed to be used in each term where Module 2 has not be completed. Students will enhance their keyboarding skill in terms of speed and accuracy. Module 6 is a 5 hour module designed for use in a survey course after Module 2 has been successfully completed. The objectives of this module require learners to recall, maintain and improve the skill they developed in Module 2.

© Saskatchewan Learning 2003