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Science 9

Optional Unit: The Atmosphere

Unit overview

The atmosphere is the medium in which Canada's weather and climate develop and unfold. The atmosphere is our source of life- giving oxygen. We breathe the atmosphere with its essential components and its impurities. Without the atmosphere fire, sound, sucking pop up a straw, and airplane flight are all impossible.

This unit looks at the weather and climate which we experience, and at how human activity alters the atmosphere's composition.

Science writing and reading activities, as discussed in this Guide, should be incorporated into each lesson. Writing is an important way for students to reduce cognitive dissonance between their view of the world and scientists' views of the world. Writing in personal reflective journals and reporting on the activities of science class in a variety of ways are strategies through which students may refine their understanding of the concepts of science and develop their ability to communicate through the written word. Reading from a variety of sources reinforces the idea that they are capable of learning on their own and that there are a number of legitimate ways to present and interpret knowledge.

Science challenge, as described in this Guide, is meant to extend students' critical and creative thinking abilities in the context of the science concepts being studied. Activities involving science challenge should be incorporated into science lessons in each unit. The challenge is intended to give each student a chance to investigate an area of interest in more depth than would be possible for all students in a class to do. Science challenge is a key strategy for bringing the Adaptive Dimension to the classroom, and for encouraging independent learning.

Factors of scientific literacy that should be emphasized

Concept development

Foundational and learning objectives for Science and the Common Essential Learnings

  1. Understand the dynamic nature of the atmosphere.
    1. Discover how weather information is gathered.
    2. Examine how weather systems develop and move .
    3. Describe the Saskatchewan climate.
  2. Recognize the effects of human activity on the atmosphere.
    1. Identify some air pollutants.
    2. Describe the effects of air pollutants.
    3. Distinguish between local effects and global effects of pollutants.
    4. Investigate how levels of air pollutants are monitored.
    5. Discuss proactive and reactive methods of reducing air pollution.
  3. Understand and use the vocabulary, structures and forms of expression which characterize the study of science. (COM)
    1. Incorporate the vocabulary of climatology and atmospheric study into talk and writing.
    2. Use a variety of strategies to interpret the meaning of what is read.
    3. Develop understanding through identifying cause and effect, and comparing and contrasting.

Suggested activities

Note: Many of the resources listed in Science: An Information Bulletin for the Middle Level - Key Resource Correlations describe activities or ideas for activities.

  1. Invite a person from the Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada to come to your classroom and discuss how forecasts are made. Alternatively, visit a weather forecasting office.

    Factors: A9, B11, B13, B19, C13, D5, F3, G8
    Objectives: 1.1, 1.2, 3.1
    Assessment Techniques: written assignments, oral assessments
    Instructional Methods: structured overview, discussion

  2. Investigate the development of microclimates. What characteristics of a city make possible the development of a climate in that city which is measurably different from the surrounding area? How does the presence of a large treed area (park or forest) influence the climate of the region? What aspects of climate are subject to influence by human activity and which are not?

    Factors: A6, A9, B2, B11, B15, C8, C13, D4, D8, E2, F3, G8
    Objectives: 1.2, 1.3
    Assessment Techniques: presentations, extended response test items
    Instructional Methods: research projects, compare and contrast, reading for meaning

  3. Contact the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) of Environment Canada. Ask for weather statistics from a station close to your school. They may be able to provide temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind direction, and wind velocity hourly readings for a monthly period. Analyze the data for trends. Correlate the data to newspaper accounts of what the weather was like during that month. Graph one set of data points every hour for a week. Does this give better information than if you had graphed the same set of data but selected only every sixth hour for plotting?

    Inquire about a source for satellite photos of weather systems. Does the computer lab in your school have the capability of going online to receive data from the NOAA weather satellites. Through wide-area computer networks such as Internet, you may be able to gain access to this type of data.

    Factors: A8, B13, B15, B16, C6, C12, D4, F1, F8, G3, G8
    Objectives: 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.3
    Assessment Techniques: anecdotal records, performance assessments, short answer test items
    Instructional Methods: concept formation, problem solving

  4. As a class activity watch the national forecast section of the Weather Channel's presentation. Make a list of any terms which the students do not understand. See if the class can use the satellite images to forecast the weather for their region.

    Ask those students with access to the Weather Channel or American channels on cable TV to watch the "big picture" weather forecasts. By watching the upper left hand portion of the screen, one can usually see what the animations are predicting for Saskatchewan. Record what they observe on the big picture and compare that forecast to local forecasts.

  5. What are the major air pollutants of concern to Saskatchewan? How and where are these pollutants produced? What effects do they have? How can the pollutants or their effects be reduced?

  6. What are the major air pollutants of concern to Canada? How and where are these pollutants produced? What effects do they have? How can the pollutants or their effects be reduced?

  7. What are the major air pollutants of concern to the world? How and where are these pollutants produced? What effects do they have? How can the pollutants or their effects be reduced?

  8. Oceans and large bodies of water influence the climate and weather of a region. Do the climate and weather of a region influence the oceans and large lakes? How do the ocean and large lakes interact with the atmosphere?

  9. Without the greenhouse effect, the earth would be a frozen ball of rocks and ice. With too much greenhouse effect, earth may become an arid wasteland. Discuss the processes that tend to keep the level of greenhouse effect at an appropriate one.

  10. Chinooks often sweep down from the foothills of the Rockies across Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, raising the temperature by 20°C to 30°C in a few hours. How do these winds originate? Why doesn't all the heat disappear when the air rises up from the Pacific Ocean to cross the mountains? Do other areas in the world have these same type of winds?

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