Appendices

Appendix A:
Glossary of Terms

Aboriginal peoples have occupied the territory now called Canada for thousands of years. Many diverse and autonomous peoples lived in this territory and had distinct languages, cultures, religious beliefs and political systems. Each community or culture had its own name for its people and names for the peoples around them.

When Columbus arrived in North America, he gave the name ‘Indians’ to the people he encountered. This misnomer was based on the mistaken notion that he had landed in India.

Today, terms to describe Aboriginal peoples are continually evolving. Understanding the distinctions among these words, and to whom they apply, can be a challenge for teachers and students.

WORDS FIRST is a lexicon of words that describe or relate to Aboriginal peoples in Canada. It was created by the Communications Branch at Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) to help departmental staff with terminology usage. While it was written with INAC staff in mind, it is also useful to anyone who wants to write or learn about Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

• Teachers should keep in mind that there is no single lexicon to describe Aboriginal peoples. For example, there is not a sole agreed-upon name for the original peoples who inhabited North America before European settlers arrived. In Canada, ‘Aboriginal peoples’ is often used. In the United States, ‘American Indian’ or ‘Native American’ are commonly used. United Nations documents and organizations (and some Aboriginal scholars and advocates) use the term ‘Indigenous people.’

• This guide uses current names and definitions that have been selected and defined by Aboriginal peoples themselves. However, some of the terms listed here have strict legal definitions. They may seem outdated, but they are still necessary in certain contexts explained later in the guide.

• This guide does not list the many and varied names of individual Aboriginal nations. Rather, it provides inclusive terms that describe them collectively. Whenever possible, try to characterize Aboriginal people through their specific identities, for example, a Haida painter, a Mohawk school, a Blackfoot publication. These types of identifications more accurately capture the unique aspects of the people or things you are describing.

• If teachers are unsure about names and terms, try contacting Aboriginal peoples to learn which terms they prefer. Also note that many Aboriginal peoples use English transliterations of terms from their own languages to identify themselves. For example, the Mohawk Nation is also called ‘Kanien ‘Kaha:ka’; the Blackfoot, ‘Sisika’; the Chippewas, ‘Anishnabeg’ and the Swampy Cree, ‘Mushkegowuk.’

The following is a breakdown of the terms in this guide according to various themes.

-   Aboriginal people(s)

-   First Peoples

-   Indigenous people(s)

-   Native people(s)

-   Native American

-   American Indian.

-   First Nation

-   Indian

-   Innu

-   Métis

-   Eskimo

-   Inuit.

Among First Nations

-   band

-   tribal council

-   tribe

-   reservation

-   reserve.

Among Inuit

-   Inuit communities

-   Inuit regions.

-   American Indian

-   Native American

-   Eskimo

-   Reservation

-   Tribe.

Aboriginal people is a collective name for the original peoples of Canada and their descendants. The Constitution Act, 1982 specifies that the Aboriginal peoples consist of three groups: Indians, Inuit and Métis.

When referring to ‘Aboriginal people’, you are referring to all the Aboriginal people in Canada collectively, without regard to their separate origins and identities. Or, you are referring to more than one Aboriginal person.

By adding the letter ‘s’ to the word people, you are emphasizing that there is a diversity of people within the group known as Aboriginal people.

non-Aboriginal people (not peoples) refers to anyone who is not an Aboriginal person. Note that the ‘non’ stays lower-case.

Despite the wide use of the word Aboriginal as a proper noun by many Canadian and Aboriginal media, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada uses the term only as a modifier, for example, ‘The government’s new strategy will support increased business with Aboriginal people.’

Avoid describing Aboriginal people as ‘belonging’ to Canada. Use neutral terms instead. For example, ‘Aboriginal people in Canada have traditions and cultures that go back thousands of years,’ instead of ‘Canada’s Aboriginal people have traditions and cultures that go back thousands of years’.

Capitalization: INAC capitalizes ‘Aboriginal,’ as it would other designations like ‘Francophone,’ ‘Arabic,’ or ‘Nordic.’

American Indian is a commonly used term in the United States to describe the descendants of the original peoples of North America (see also Native Americans.) Some people are dissatisfied with this term, because it retains the misnomer ‘Indian’ in its name, and it covers people who consider themselves distinct from Indian peoples, namely Inuit, and the Yupik and Aleut peoples in Alaska. The term is not popular in Canada.

A band is a community of Indians for whom lands have been set apart, and for whom money is held by the Crown. It is a body of Indians declared by the Governor-in-Council to be a band for the purposes of the Indian Act. Many bands today prefer to be called First Nations and have changed their names to incorporate First Nation; (e.g., the Batchewana Band is now called the Batchewana First Nation).

The band council is the governing body for a band. It usually consists of a chief and councillors, who are elected for two- or three-year terms (under the Indian Act or band custom) to carry out band business, which may include education, water, sewer and fire services, community buildings, schools, roads and other businesses and services.

Capitalization: When naming a specific band, for example, the Bonaparte Indian Band, the word band is capitalized. Otherwise, the word band can remain lower case.

Eskimo is the term once given to Inuit by European explorers and is now rarely used in Canada, but is used frequently in the United States in reference to Inuit living in Alaska.

First Nation(s)

The term First Nations came into common usage in the 1970s to replace ‘band’ or ‘Indian’, which some people found offensive (see Indian for an explanation). Despite its widespread use, there is no legal definition for this term in Canada.

Many people today prefer to be called First Nations or First Nations people instead of Indians. Generally, ‘First Nations people’ is used to describe both Status and Non-Status Indians. The term is not used as a synonym for Aboriginal peoples as the term First Nations people does not include Inuit or Métis.

Because the term First Nations people generally applies to both Status and Non-Status Indians, writers should take care in using this term. For example, when describing a government program that is for Status Indian youth only, they should avoid using ‘First Nations youth,’ which could cause misunderstanding.

‘First Nation’ has been adopted by some Indian communities to replace the term ‘Indian band.’ A band is defined as a community of Indians for whom lands have been set apart, and for whom money is held by the Crown. Many Indian bands started to replace the word ‘band’ in their name with ‘First Nation’ in the 1980s. It is a matter of preference, and writers should follow the choice expressed by individual First Nations/bands.

Usage: The term ‘First Nation’ can be used as both a noun and a modifier.

Capitalization: INAC capitalizes ‘First Nation’ as it would any other designation like ‘Francophone’, ‘Arabic’, or ‘Nordic.’

First Peoples is another collective term used to describe the original peoples of Canada and their descendants. It is used less frequently than terms like ‘Aboriginal peoples’ and ‘Native peoples.’

Capitalization: Some spell the word ‘peoples’ in lower case, but both words in upper case appear to be the dominant spelling.

The term Indian collectively describes all the Indigenous people in Canada who are not Inuit or Métis. Indian peoples are recognized as Aboriginal in the Constitution Act, 1982, which specifies that Aboriginal peoples in Canada consist of three groups: Indian, Inuit and Métis.

In addition, three categories apply to Indians in Canada: Status Indians, Non-Status Indians and Treaty Indians.

Status Indians are people who are entitled to have their names included on the Indian Register, an official list maintained by the federal government. Certain criteria determine who can be registered as a Status Indian. Only Status Indians are recognized as Indians under the Indian Act, which defines an Indian as "a person who, pursuant to this Act, is registered as an Indian or is entitled to be registered as an Indian." Status Indians are entitled to certain rights and benefits under the law.

Non-Status Indians are people who consider themselves Indians or members of a First Nation, but whom the Government of Canada does not recognize as Indians under the Indian Act, either because they are unable to prove their status or have lost their status rights. Many Indian people in Canada, especially women, lost their Indian status through discriminatory practices in the past. Non-Status Indians are not entitled to the same rights and benefits available to Status Indians.

Treaty Indians are descendants of Indians who signed treaties with Canada and who have a contemporary connection with a treaty band.

The term ‘Indian’ is considered outdated by many people, and there is much debate over whether to continue using this term. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, following popular usage, typically uses the term ‘First Nation’ instead of ‘Indian,’ except in the following cases:

• in direct quotations
• when citing titles of books, works of art, etc.
• in discussions of history where necessary for clarity and accuracy
• in discussion of some legal/constitutional matters requiring precision in terminology
• in discussions of rights and benefits provided on the basis of ‘Indian’ status
• in statistical information using these categories (e.g., the Census).

Capitalization: INAC capitalizes ‘Indian,’ ‘Status Indian,’ ‘Non-Status Indian,’ and ‘Treaty Indian,’ as it would other designations like ‘Francophone,’ ‘Arabic,’ or ‘Nordic."

Innu are the Naskapi and Montagnais First Nations peoples who live in Quebec and Labrador. Not to be confused with Inuit.

Inuit are the Aboriginal people of Arctic Canada. Inuit live primarily in the Northwest Territories and northern parts of Labrador and Quebec. They have traditionally lived above the treeline in the area bordered by the Mackenzie Delta in the west, the Labrador coast in the east, the southern point of Hudson Bay in the south and the High Arctic islands in the north.

Inuit are not covered by the Indian Act. However, in 1939, the Supreme Court interpreted the federal government’s power to make laws affecting "Indians, and Lands reserved for Indians" as extending to Inuit.

The word Inuit means ‘the people’ in Inuktitut, the Inuit language, and is the term by which Inuit refer to themselves. Avoid using the term ‘Inuit people,’ as the use of ‘people’ is redundant. The term ‘Eskimo,’ applied to Inuit by European explorers, is no longer used in Canada.

Inuk is the singular form of Inuit. Use ‘Inuk’ when referring to one Inuit person.

Usage: It is acceptable to use the term Inuit as both a noun and as a modifier. According to the Inuit Tapirisat (spelling) Kanatami, the preferred use of the term as a noun is simply ‘Inuit,’ not ‘the Inuit’ or ‘Inuit people.’

Capitalization: INAC capitalizes ‘Inuit,’ as it would other designations like ‘Francophone,’ ‘Arabic,’ or ‘Nordic.’

Inuit live in communities. They are referred to as communities in the Arctic, and more commonly as Inuit communities in southern Canada.

Inuit never lived on reserves. Therefore, the terms ‘on-reserve’ and ‘off-reserve’ do not apply to Inuit, only to First Nations. Wording that is supposed to cover all Aboriginal communities, for example, a reference to people ‘living on a reserve, off a reserve, or in urban areas’, must add in ‘Inuit communities’ to be inclusive of Inuit living in the North.

Inuit live in regions. They are referred to as regions in the Arctic, and more commonly as Inuit regions in southern Canada.

There are four Inuit comprehensive land claims regions covering one-third of Canada: They are Inuvialuit, Nunavut, Nunavik and Labrador. Nunavut has three sub-regions, Kitikmeot, Kivalliq and Qikiqtaaluk — which are called regions.

Sometimes Inuit regions are called Inuit territories, or Inuit territory, individually or collectively.

The word Métis is French for ‘mixed blood.’ The Canadian Constitution recognizes Métis people as one of the three Aboriginal peoples.

Historically, the term Métis applied to the children of French fur traders and Cree women in the Prairies, and of English and Scottish traders and Dene women in the north. Today, the term is used broadly to describe people with mixed First Nations and European ancestry who identify themselves as Métis, distinct from Indian people, Inuit or non-Aboriginal people. (Many Canadians have mixed Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestry, but not all identify themselves as Métis.) Note that Métis organizations in Canada have differing criteria about who qualifies as a Métis person.

Many people and groups, particularly in the West and North, have dropped the accent in Métis. Both spellings are acceptable in English, but INAC continues to use the accent. Regardless of your preference, it is a good idea to always check the names of individual Métis organizations before you publish them. For example, the Metis Association of the NWT does not take an accent; the Métis National Council does take an accent.

Capitalization: INAC capitalizes ‘Métis,’ as it would other designations like ‘Francophone,’ ‘Arabic,’ or ‘Nordic.’

Native is a word similar in meaning to ‘Aboriginal.’ ‘Native peoples’ is a collective term to describe descendants of the original peoples of North America. The term is increasingly seen as outdated (particularly when it is used as a noun) and is starting to lose currency.

This is another commonly used term in the United States to describe descendants of the original peoples of North America. The term has not caught on in Canada because of the apparent reference to U.S. citizenship. Some Aboriginal peoples in Canada have argued that because they are descendants of the original peoples of the Americas, the term Native American should apply to them, regardless of their citizenship.

A reservation is land set aside by the United States government for use and occupation of a group of Native Americans. The term does not apply in Canada.

A reserve is the land that is set aside by the Crown for the use and benefit of a band in Canada. Many First Nations now prefer the term ‘First Nation community,’ and no longer use ‘reserve.’

A tribal council is a group made up of several bands that represents the interests of those bands and may administer funds or deliver common services to those bands. Membership in a tribal council tends to be organized around geographic, political, or cultural and linguistic lines.

A tribe is a group of Native Americans sharing a common language and culture. The term is used frequently in the United States, but only in a few areas of Canada (e.g., the Blood Tribe in Alberta).

Adapted from WORDS FIRST: An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, a guide created by the Communications Branch of Indian and Northern Affairs, Government of Canada (2001).

For more information about Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, visit INAC’s website at www.inac-ainc.gc.ca.

Appendix B:

Saskatchewan Tribal Councils

Agency Chiefs Tribal Council
P.O. Box 327
Spiritwood, Saskatchewan
S0J 2M0
Telephone: (306) 883-3880
Facsimile: (306) 833-3336

Battlefords Tribal Council
P.O. Box 1300
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 3L8
Telephone: (306) 445-1383
Facsimile: (306) 937-7797

File Hills Qu’Appelle Tribal Council
Treaty Four Governance Centre
740 Sioux Avenue
Box 985
Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan
S0G 1S0
Telephone: (306) 332-8200
Facsimile: (306) 332-1811
Website: www.fhqtribalcouncil.ca

Fort Carlton Agency Council
P.O. Box 220
Shell Lake, Saskatchewan
S0J 2G0
Telephone: (306) 468-2326
Facsimile: (306) 468-2344

Meadow Lake Tribal Council
8003 Flying Dust Reserve
Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan
S9X 1T8
Telephone: (306) 236-5654
Facsimilie: (306) 236-6301

Prince Albert Grand Council
P.O. Box 2350
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 6Z1
Telephone: (306) 953-7200
Facsimile: (306) 764-6272

Saskatoon Tribal Council
Suite 200, 203 Packham Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 4S1
Telephone: (306) 956-6100
Facsimile: (306) 244-7273

South East Treaty #4 Tribal Council
P.O. Box 550
Whitewood, Saskatchewan
S0G 5C0
Telephone: (306) 696-3451
Facsimile: (306) 696-3146

Touchwood Agency Chiefs
P.O. Box 280
Punnichy, Saskatchewan
S0A 3C0
Telephone: 835-2937
Facimile: 835-2198

Yorkton Tribal Council
21 Bradbrooke Drive
Yorkton, Saskatchewan
S3N 3R1
Telephone: (306) 786-7888
Facsimile: (306) 786-7855

Appendix C:

Ahtahkakoop First Nation
P.O. Box 220
Shell Lake, Saskatchewan
S0J 2G0
Telephone: (306) 468-2326
Facsimile: (306) 468-2344

Beardy’s & Okemasis First Nation
P. O. Box 340
Duck Lake, Saskatchewan
S0K 1JO
Telephone: (306) 467-4523
Facsimile: (306) 467-4404

Big Island Lake Cree Nation
(formerly Joseph Bighead First Nation)
P.O. Box 309
Pierceland, Saskatchewan
S0M 2K0
Telephone: (306) 839-2277
Facsimile: (306) 839-2323

Big River First Nation
P.O. Box 519
Big River, Saskatchewan
S0J 0S0
Telephone: (306) 724-4700
Facsimile: (306) 724-2161

Birch Narrows First Nation
General Delivery
Turnor Lake, Saskatchewan
S0M 3E0
Telephone: (306) 894-2030
Facsimile: (306) 894-2060

Black Lake Denesuline Nation
General Delivery
Black Lake, Saskatchewan
S0J 0H0
Telephone: (306) 284-2044
Facsimile: (306) 284-2101

Buffalo River Dene Nation
General Delivery
Dillon, Saskatchewan
S0M OS0
Telephone: (306) 282-2033
Facsimile: (306) 282-2101
 

Canoe Lake First Nation
General Delivery
Canoe Narrows, Saskatchewan
S0M 0K0
Telephone: (306) 829-2150
Facsimile: (306) 829-2101

Carry the Kettle First Nation
P.O. Box 57
Sintaluta, Saskatchewan
S0G 4N0
Telephone: (306) 727-2135
Facsimile: (306) 727-2149

Chakastapasin First Nation
717 MacArthur Drive
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 5X6
Telephone: (306) 922-5633
Facsimile: (306) 922-5662

Clearwater River Dene Nation
P.O. Box 5050
Clearwater River, Saskatchewan
S0M 3H0
Telephone: (306) 822-2021
Facsimile: (306) 822-2212

Cote First Nation
P.O. Box 1659
Kamsack, Saskatchewan
S0A 1S0
Telephone: (306) 542-2694
Facsimile: (306) 542-3735

Cowessess First Nation
P.O. Box 100
Broadview, Saskatchewan
S0G 5L0
Telephone: (306) 696-2520
Facsimile: (306) 696-2767

Cumberland House Cree Nation
P.O. Box 220
Cumberland House, Saskatchewan
S0E 0S0
Telephone: (306) 888-2226
Facsimile: (306) 888-2084

Day Star First Nation
P.O. Box 227
Punnichy, Saskatchewan
SOA 3CO
Telephone: (306) 835-2834
Facsimile: (306) 835-2724

English River First Nation
General Delivery
Patuanak, Saskatchewan
SOM 2HO
Telephone: (306) 396-2066
Facsimile: (306) 396-2155

Fishing Lake First Nation
P.O. Box 508
Wadena, Saskatchewan
SOA 4JO
Telephone: (306) 338-3838
Facsimile: (306) 338-3635

Flying Dust First Nation
8001 Flying Dust Reserve
Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan
S9X 1T8
Telephone: (306) 236-4437
Facsimile: (306) 236-3373

Fond du Lac Denesuline Nation
General Delivery
Fond Du Lac, Saskatchewan
SOJ OWO
Telephone: (306) 686-2102
Facsimile: (306) 686-2040

Gordon First Nation
P.O. Box 248
Punnichy, Saskatchewan
SOA 3CO
Telephone: (306) 835-2232
Facsimile: (306) 835-2036

Hatchet Lake Denesuline Nation
General Delivery
Wollaston Lake, Saskatchewan
SOJ 3CO
Telephone: (306) 633-2003
Facsimile: (306) 633-2040

Island Lake First Nation
P.O. Box 460
Loon Lake, Saskatchewan
SOM 1LO
Telephone: (306) 837-2188
Facsimile: (306) 837-2266

James Smith Cree Nation
P.O. Box 1059
Melfort, Saskatchewan
SOE 1AO
Telephone: (306) 864-3636
Facsimile: (306) 864-3336

Kahkewistahaw First Nation
P.O. Box 609
Broadview, Saskatchewan
SOG OKO
Telephone: (306) 696-3291
Facsimile: (306) 696-3201

Kawacatoose First Nation
P.O. Box 640
Raymore, Saskatchewan
SOA 3JO
Telephone: (306) 835-2125
Facsimile: (306) 835-2178

Keeseekoose First Nation
P.O. Box 1120
Kamsack, Saskatchewan
S0A 1SO
Telephone: (306) 542-2516
Facsimile: (306) 542-2586

Key First Nation
P.O. Box 70
Norquay, Saskatchewan
SOA 2VO
Telephone: (306) 594-2020
Facsimile: (306) 594-2545

Kinistin First Nation
P.O. Box 2590
Tisdale, Saskatchewan
SOE 1TO
Telephone: (306) 878-8188
Facsimile: (306) 873-5235

Lac La Ronge Indian Band
P.O. Box 480
Lac La Ronge, Saskatchewan
SOJ 1L0
Telephone: (306) 425-2183
Facsimile: (306) 425-2590

Little Black Bear First Nation
P.O.Box 40
Goodeve, Saskatchewan
SOA 1CO
Telephone: (306) 334-2269
Facsimile: (306) 334-2721

Little Pine First Nation
P.O. Box 70
Payton, Saskatchewan
SOM 2JO
Telephone: (306) 398-4942
Facsimile: (306) 398-2377

Lucky Man Cree Nation
#225 : 103B Packham Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 2T7
Telephone: (306) 374-2828
Facsimile: (306) 934-2853

Makwa Sahgaiehcan First Nation
P.O. Box 340
Loon Lake, Saskatchewan
SOM 1L0
Telephone: (306) 837-2102
Facsimile: (306) 837-4448

Mistawasis First Nation
P.O. Box 250
Leask, Saskatchewan
SOJ 1MO
Telephone: (306) 466-4800
Facsimile: (306) 466-2299

Montreal Lake Cree Nation
General Delivery
Montreal Lake, Saskatchewan
SOJ 1YO
Telephone: (306) 663-5349
Facsimile: (306) 663-5320

Moosomin First Nation
P.O. Box 98
Cochin, Saskatchewan
SOM OLO
Telephone: (306) 386-2206
Facsimile: (306) 386-2098

Mosquito Grizzly Bear’s Head First Nation
P.O. Box 177
Cando, Saskatchewan
SOK OVO
Telephone: (306) 937-6120
Facsimile: (306) 937-3678

Muscowpetung First Nation
P.O. Box 1310
Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan
SOG 1SO
Telephone: (306) 723-4747
Facsimile: (306) 723-4710

Muskeg Lake Cree Nation
P.O. Box 248
Marcelin, Saskatchewan
SOJ 1RO
Telephone: (306) 466-4959
Facsimile: (306) 466-4951

Muskoday First Nation
P.O. Box 9
Birch Hills, Saskatchewan
SOJ OGO
Telephone: (306) 764-1282
Facsimile: (306) 764-7272

Muskowekwan First Nation
P.O. Box 249
Lestock, Saskatchewan
SOA 2GO
Telephone: (306) 274-2061
Facsimile: (306) 274-2110

Nekaneet First Nation
P.O. Box 548
Maple Creek, Saskatchewan
SON 1NO
Telephone: (306) 662-3660
Facsimile: (306) 662-4160

Ocean Man First Nation
P.O. Box 157
Stoughton, Saskatchewan
SOG 4TO
Telephone: (306) 457-2679
Facsimile: (306) 457-2933

Ochapowace First Nation
P.O. Box 550
Whitewood, Saskatchewan
SOG 5CO
Telephone: (306) 696-2425
Facsimile: (306) 696-3146

Okanese First Nation
P.O. Box 759
Balcarres, Saskatchewan
SOG OCO
Telephone: (306) 334-2532
Facsimile: (306) 334-2545

One Arrow First Nation
P.O. Box 147
Bellevue, Saskatchewan
SOK 3YO
Telephone: (306) 423-5900
Facsimile: (306) 423-5904

Onion Lake First Nation
P.O. Box 100
Onion Lake, Saskatchewan
SOM 2EO
Telephone: (306) 847-2200
Facsimile: (306) 847-2226

Pasqua First Nation
P.O. Box 968
Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan
SOG 1SO
Telephone: (306) 332-5697
Facsimile: (306) 332-5199

Peepeekisis First Nation
P.O. Box 518
Balcarres, Saskatchewan
SOG OCO
Telephone: (306) 334-2573
Facsimile: (306) 334-2280

Pelican Lake First Nation
P.O. Box 399
Leoville, Saskatchewan
SOJ 1NO
Telephone: (306) 984-2313
Facsimile: (306) 984-2029

Peter Ballantyne Cree Nation
General Delivery
Pelican Narrows, Saskatchewan
SOP OEO
Telephone: (306) 632-2125
Facsimile: (306) 632-2275

Pheasant Rump Nakota First Nation
P.O. Box 238
Kisbey, Saskatchewan
SOC 1LO
Telephone: (306) 462-2002
Facsimile: (306) 4462-2003

Piapot First Nation
General Delivery
Zehner, Saskatchewan
SOG 5K0
Telephone: (306) 781-4848
Facsimile: (306) 781-4853

Poundmaker Cree Nation
P.O. Box 220
Payton, Saskatchewan
SOM 2JO
Telephone: (306) 398-4971
Facsimile: (306) 398-2522

Red Earth First Nation
P.O. Box 109
Red Earth, Saskatchewan
SOE 1KO
Telephone: (306) 768-3640
Facsimile: (306) 768-3440

Red Pheasant First Nation
P.O. Box 70
Cando, Saskatchewan
SOK OVO
Telephone: (306) 937-7717
Facsimile: (306) 937-7727

Sakimay First Nation
P.O. Box 339
Grenfell, Saskatchewan
SOG OBO
Telephone: (306) 697-2831
Facsimile: (306) 697-3565

Saulteaux First Nation
P.O. Box 159
Cochin, Saskatchewan
SOM OLO
Telephone: (306) 386-2424
Facsimile: (306) 386-2444

Shoal Lake Cree Nation
P.O. Box 51
Pakwaw Lake, Saskatchewan
SOE 1GO
Telephone: (306) 768-3551
Facsimile: (306) 768-3486

Standing Buffalo First Nation
P.O. Box 128
Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan
SOG 1SO
Telephone: (306) 332-4685
Facsimile: (306) 332-5953

Star Blanket First Nation
P.O. Box 456
Balcarres, Saskatchewan
SOG 1SO
Telephone: (306) 334-2206
Facsimile: (306) 334-2606

Sturgeon Lake First Nation
Comp. #5, Site 12, RR#1
Shellbrook, Saskatchewan
SOJ 1EO
Telephone: (306) 764-1872
Facsimile: (306) 764-1877

Sweetgrass First Nation
P.O. Box 147
Gallivan, Saskatchewan
SOM OXO
Telephone: (306) 937-2990
Facsimile: (306) 937-7010

Thunderchild First Nation
P.O. Box 600
Turtleford, Saskatchewan
SOM 2YO
Telephone: (306) 845-4300
Facsimile: (306) 845-3230

Wahpeton Dakota First Nation
P.O. Box 128
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 5R4
Telephone: (306) 764-6649
Facsimile: (306) 764-6637

Waterhen Lake First Nation
P.O. Box 9
Waterhen Lake, Saskatchewan
SOM 3BO
Telephone: (306) 236-6717
Facsimile: (306) 236-4866

White Bear First Nation
P.O. Box 700
Carlyle, Saskatchewan
SOC ORO
Telephone: (306) 577-4553
Facsimile: (306) 577-4363

Whitecap Dakota/Sioux First Nation
Site 507, Box 28, RR#5
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7K 3J9
Telephone: (306) 477-0908
Facsimile: (306) 374-5899

Witchekan Lake First Nation
P.O. Box 879
Spiritwood, Saskatchewan
SOJ 2MO
Telephone: (306) 883-2787
Facsimile: (306) 883-2008

Wood Mountain First Nation
P.O. Box 104
Wood Mountain, Saskatchewan
SOH 4L0
Telephone: (306) 266-4420
Facsimile: (306) 266-2023

Yellowquill First Nation
P.O. Box 40
Yellow Quill, Saskatchewan
SOA 3AO
Telephone: (306) 332-2281
Facsimile: (306) 332-2304

Young Chippewayan First Nation
P.O. Box 66
Gallivan, Saskatchewan
S0M 0X0
Telephone: (306) 937-7475
Facsimile: (306) 937-1010

Appendix D:

Office of Treaty Governance Processess
Asimakaniseekan Askiy Reserve
200-203 Packham Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 4K4
Telephone: (306) 667-1876
Facsimile: (306) 477-5115

Regina Sub-Office
Regal Plaza
Suite A : 1680 Albert Street
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4P 2S6
Telephone: (306) 721-2822
Facsimile: (306) 721-2707

e-Learning Project
U of R Petroleum Research Centre
Suite 150-6 Research Drive
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4S 7J7
Telephone: (306) 949-3415
Facsimile: (306) 949-3419

Fort Qu’Appelle Sub Office
Treaty Four Governance Centre
#120-740 Sioux Avenue
Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan
S0G 1S0
Telephone: (306) 332-2556

First Nations Bank of Canada
224 : 4^th Avenue South
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7K 5M5
Telephone: (306) 955-3622
Facsimile: (306) 955-6811

First Nations Insurance Services Ltd.
Opawikoscikan Reserve
2300 : 10^th Avenue West
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 6Z1
Telephone: (306) 763-4712
Facsimile: (306) 763-3255

National Indian Financial Corporation
Suite 217, 103B Packham Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 4K4
Telephone: (306) 955-4712
Facsimile: (306) 477-4554

Saskatchewan Indian Culture Centre
Suite 205, 103B Packham Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 4K4
Telephone: (306) 955-4550
Facsimile: (306) 955-3577

Saskatchewan Indian Equity Foundation
224 : 4^th Avenue South
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7K 5M5
Telephone: (306) 955-4550
Facsimile: (306) 373-4969

Saskatchewan Indian Federated College
Room 118, College West
University of Regina
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4S 0A2
Telephone: (306) 546-8400
Facsimile: (306) 546-8470

Saskatchewan Indian Federated College
Native School of Dental Therapy
710 : 15^th Avenue East
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S7V 7A4
Telephone: (306) 763-8800
Facsimile: (306) 763-8899

Saskatchewan Indian Federated College
Prince Albert Campus
# 1500 : 10^th Avenue East
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 6G1
Telephone: (306) 763-0066
Facsimile: (306) 764-3511

Saskatchewan Indian Federated College
Saskatoon Campus
710 Duke Street
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N OP8
Telephone: (306) 931-1800
Facsimile: (306) 665-0175

Saskatchewan Indian Gaming & Licensing Inc
Suite 200, 103B Packham Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 4K4
Telephone: (306) 477-5700
Facsimile: (306) 477-5704

Saskatchewan Indian Gaming Authority
Suite 250, 103C Packham Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 4K4
Telephone: (306) 477-7777
Facsimile: (306) 477-4582

Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technology
5^th Floor, 229, 4^th Avenue South
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7K 4K3
Telephone: (306) 373-4777
Facsimile: (306) 373-4977

Saskatchewan Indian Loans Company
224B : 4^th Avenue South
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7K 5M5
Telephone: (306) 955-8699
Facsimile: (306) 373-4969

Saskatchewan Indian Training Assessment Group
Suite 100, 103A Packham Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 4K4
Telephone: (306) 244-4444
Facsimile: (306) 244-1391

Appendix E:

Eastern Region I, Region Office
P.O. Box 266
Cumberland House, Saskatchewan
SOE OSO
Telephone: (306) 888-2080
Facsimile: (306) 888-2080

Eastern Region I Local Offices: (3)

Beaver Lake/Creighton Denare Beach #89
P.O. Box 645
Creighton, Saskatchewan
SOP OAO

Cumberland House #42
P.O. Box 266
Cumberland House, Saskatchewan
SOE OSO

Sandy Bay #90
P.O. Box 133
Sandy Bay, Saskatchewan
SOP OGO
Telephone: (306) 754-4545

Eastern Region II, Region Office
P.O. Box 158
Archerwill, Saskatchewan
SOE OBO
Telephone: (306) 323-4244
Facsimile: (306) 323-4520

Eastern Region II Local Offices: (14)

Archerwill #58
P.O. Box 158
Archerwill, Saskatchewan
SOE OBO
Telephone: (306) 323-4244
Facsimile: (306) 323-4520

Bjorkdale #99
P.O. Box 2573
Tisdale, Saskatchewan
SOE 1TO
Telephone: (306) 873-5723

Carragana#96

Carrot River #137
P.O. Box 416
Carrot River, Saskatchewan
SOE OLO
Telephone: (306) 768-3784

Chelan #111
General Delivery
Chelan, Saskatchewan
SOE ONO
Telephone: (306) 278-2243

Hudson Bay #114
P.O. Box 1431
Hudson Bay, Saskatchewan
SOE OYO
Telephone: (306) 865-3209

Kelvington #158
General Delivery
Kelvington, Saskatchewan
SOA 1WO

Melfort #22
P.O. Box 3842
Melfort, Saskatchewan
SOE 1AO
Telephone: (306) 752-5445
Facsimile: (306) 752-9068

Nipawin #134
P.O. Box 2287
Nipawin, Saskatchewan
SOE 1EO
Telephone: (306) 862-9744

Sturgis #138
P.O. Box 147
Sturgis, Saskatchewan
SOA 4AO
Telephone: (306) 548-2123

Tisdale #222
P.O. Box
Tisdale, Saskatchewan
SOE 1TO

Weekes #169
P.O. Box 26
Weekes, Saskatchewan
SOE 1VO

Whitefox/Love #78
P.O. Box 274
Whitefox, Saskatchewan
SOJ 3BO
Telephone: (306) 276-5762

Wynyard #116
P.O. Box 1125
Wynyard, Saskatchewan
SOA 4TO
Telephone: (306) 554-2835

Eastern Region IIA, Region Office
44 : 44^th Avenue North
Yorkton, Saskatchewan
S3N 1A2
Telephone: (306) 782-0494
Facsimile: (306) 783-6780

Eastern Region IIA Local Offices: (11)

Crescent Lake #47
P.O. Box 1580
Yorkton, Saskatchewan
S3N 3L2
Telephone: (306) 782-7115

Esterhazy #84
P.O. Box 1261
Esterhazy, Saskatchewan
SOA OXO
Telephone: (306) 745-6271

Gerald #49
General Delivery
Rokabey, Saskatchewan
SOA 4SO
Telephone: (306) 783-6878

Kamsack #168
P.O. Box 184
Togo, Saskatchewan
SOA 4EO
Telephone: (306) 597-2103

Langenburg #45
P.O. Box 7
Marchwell, Saskatchewan
SOA 2LO
Telephone: (306) 743-2742
 

 
Marchwell #150
P.O. Box 70
Marchwell, Saskatchewan
SOA 2LO

Melville #15
General Delivery
Melville, Saskatchewan
SOA 2PO
Telephone: (306) 728-4921

Spy Hill #140
General Delivery
Spy Hill, Saskatchewan
SOA 3WO
Telephone: (306) 534-4509

Togo #163
P.O. Box 191
Togo, Saskatchewan
SOA 4EO
Telephone: (306) 597-4652

Willowbrooke #139
P.O. Box
Calder, Saskatchewan
SOA OKO

Yorkton #13
193 : 2^nd Avenue South
Yorkton, Saskatchewan
S3N 1H9
Telephone: (306) 782-5027

Eastern Region III, Region Office
P.O. Box 308
Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan
SOG 1SO
Telephone: (306) 332-5588
Facsimile: (306) 332-2335

Eastern Region III Local Offices: (13)

Abernethy #4
P.O. Box
Abernethy, Saskatchewan
SOA OAO

Balcarres #52
P.O. Box
Balcarres, Saskatchewan
SOG OCO

Estevan #25
P.O. Box 1581
Estevan, Saskatchewan
S4A 2L7
Telephone: (306) 634-6701

Fort Qu'Appelle #6
P.O. Box 552
Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan
Telephone: (306) 332-4565

Indian Head #2
P.O. Box 182
Sintaluta, Saskatchewan
S0G 4N0
Telephone: (306) 727-4910

Ituna #252
P.O. Box 331
Ituna, Saskatchewan
SOA 1NO
Telephone: (306) 795-2908

Lebret #48
P.O. Box 14
Lebret, Saskatchewan
S0G 2Y0
Telephone: (306) 332-6938

Lestock #8
General Delivery
Lestock, Saskatchewan
S0A 2G0
Telephone: (306) 274-2269

Moosomin #44
P.O. Box 657
Welwyn, Saskatchewan
S0G 3N0
Telephone: (306) 435-3260

Qu'Appelle #1
P.O. Box
Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan
S0G 1A0

Rocanville #135
P.O. Box 456
Rocanville, Saskatchewan
S0A 3L0
Telephone: (306) 645-2918

Sintaluta #103
P.O. Box 115
Grenfell, Saskatchewan
Telephone: (306) 697-3536
 

Weyburn #87
P.O. Box 321
Weyburn, Saskatchewan
S4H 2K1
Telephone: (306) 848-0607

Northern Region I Region Office
P.O. Box 1647
La Ronge, Saskatchewan
S0J 1L0
Telephone: (306) 425-3444
Facsimile: (306) 425-5282

Northern Region I Local Offices: (7)

Camsell Portage #79
General Delivery
Uranium City, Saskatchewan
S0J 2W0

Jim Brady #19
P.O. Box 1647
La Ronge, Saskatchewan
S0J 1LO
Telephone: (306) 425-3444
Facsimile: (306) 425-5282

Stanley Mission #23
General Delivery
Stanley Mission, Saskatchewan
S0J 2P0
Telephone: (306) 635-2221

Stoney Rapids #80
General Delivery
Stony Rapids, Saskatchewan
S0J 2R0
Telephone: (306) 439-4994
Facsimile: (306) 439-4922

Timber Bay #20
General Delivery
Timber Bay, Saskatchewan
S0J 2T0
Telephone: (306) 663-5885
Facsimile: (306) 663-5052

Uranium City # 50
General Delivery
Uranium City, Saskatchewan
S0J 2W0
Telephone: (306) 498-2412
Facsimile: (306) 498-2577
 

Weyakwin #16
P.O. Box 283
Weyakwin, Saskatchewan
S0J 1W0
Telephone: (306) 663-5178

Northern Region II Region Office
P.O. Box 213
Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan
S0M 0J0
Telephone: (306) 235-4740
Facsimile: (306) 235-4474

Northern Region II Local Offices: (9)

Bear Creek #156
P.O. Box 459
Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan
S0M 0J0

Black Point #162
P.O. Box 126
La Loche, Saskatchewan
S0M 1G0
Telephone: (306) 822-2678

Buffalo Narrows #62
P.O. Box 194
Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan
S0M 0J0
Telephone: (306) 235-4906

Duscharme Lake #130
P.O. Box 257
La Loche, Saskatchewan
S0M 1G0

Garson Lake #127
P.O. Box 297
La Loche, Saskatchewan
S0M 1G0

La Loche #39
P.O. Box 370
La Loche, Saskatchewan
S0M 1G0
Telephone: (306) 822-2129

Michele Village #65
P.O. Box 434
Dillon, Saskatchewan
S0M 0S0
Telephone: (306) 282-4509

St. Georges Hill #70
General Delivery
Buffalo Narrows, Saskatchewan
S0M 0J0
Telephone: (306) 282-2102 or 282-4408

Turnor Lake #40
General Delivery
Turnor Lake, Saskatchewan
S0M 3E0
Telephone: (306) 894-2055 or (306) 894-2004

Northern Region III Region Office:
P.O. Box 238
Beauval, Saskatchewan
S0M 0G0
Telephone: (306) 288-2342
Facsimile: (306) 288-4411

Northern Region III Local Offices: (10)

Beauval #37
P.O. Box 238
Beauval, Saskatchewan
S0M 0G0
Telephone: (306) 288-2115

Canoe River #174
P.O. Box 118
Ile a la Crosse, Saskatchewan
S0M 1C0
Telephone: (306) 833-2258

Cole Bay # 41
General Delivery
Canoe Narrows, Saskatchewan
S0M 0K0
Telephone: (306) 829-4314

Dore/Sled Lake
General Delivery
Dore Lake, Saskatchewan
S0J 0E0
Telephone: (306) 832-2214

Green Lake #5
P.O. Box 188
Green Lake, Saskatchewan
S0M 1B0
Telephone: (306) 832-2062

Ile a la Crosse #21
P.O. Box 28
Ile a la Crosse, Saskatchewan
S0M 1C0
Telephone: (306) 833-2079

Jans Bay #38
General Delivery
Canoe Narrows, Saskatchewan
S0M 0K0
Telephone: (306) 829-4320

Patuanak #82
General Delivery
Patuanak, Saskatchewan
S0M 2H0

Pinehouse #9
General Delivery
Pinehouse, Saskatchewan
S0J 2B0
Telephone: (306) 884-2173

Sapawgama #176
General Delivery
Canoe Narrows, Saskatchewan
S0M 0K0

Western Region I Region Office:
P.O. Box 2261
Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan
S0M 1V0
Telephone: (306) 236-3122
Facsimile: (306) 236-5081

Western Region I Local Offices: (12)

Brightsand #118
P.O. Box 43
St. Walburg, Saskatchewan
S0M 2T0
Telephone: (306) 248-3548

Chitek Lake #97
P.O. Box 36
Chitek Lake, Saskatchewan
S0J 0L0
Telephone: (306) 984-4828

Cochin #27
General Delivery
Cochin, Saskatchewan
S0M 0L0
Telephone: (306) 386-2059

Glaslyn #75
P.O. Box 35
Glaslyn, Saskatchewan
S0M 0Y0
Telephone: (306) 342-4481

Leoville #64
P.O. Box 88
Leoville, Saskatchewan
S0J 1N0
Telephone: (306) 984-4646

Livelong #72
P.O. Box 106
Livelong, Saskatchewan
S0M 1J0
Telephone: (306) 845-2781

Loon Lake/ Makwa #32
P.O. Box 321
Loon Lake, Saskatchewan
S0M 1L0
Telephone: (306) 837-2239

Meadow Lake #31
P.O. Box 2646
Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan
S0M 1V0
Telephone: (306) 236-4869

Midnight Lake #161
P.O. Box 85
Glaslyn, Saskatchewan
S0M 0Y0
Telephone: (306) 342-4234

Pierceland #71
P.O. Box 211
Pierceland, Saskatchewan
S0M 2K0
Telephone: (306) 839-2271

Rush Lake #91
P.O. Box 513
Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan
S0M 1V0
Telephone: (306) 236-4041

Spiritwood #136
P.O. Box 565
Spiritwood, Saskatchewan
S0J 2M0
Telephone: (306) 883-2732

 
Western Region IA Region Office:
P.O. Box 1752
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 3W2
Telephone: (306) 445-6822
Facsimile: (306) 445-9830

Western Region IA Local Offices: (13)

Battleford #106
P.O. Box 1752
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 3W2
Telephone: (306) 445-6822

Border City #76
4608 - 50th Street
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan
S9V 1B8
Telephone: (306) 825-8855

Delmas #98
11371 Clark Drive North
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 3P6
Telephone: (306) 445-9968

Frenchman Butte #92
P.O. Box 128
Frenchman Butte, Saskatchewan
S0M 0W0
Telephone: (306) 344-4946

Hamlin #93
1872 St. Laurent Drive
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 2A7
Telephone: (306) 445-6266

Lloydminster #18
4706 - 47th Street
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan
S9V 0K1
Telephone: (306) 825-3949

Maidstone #171
P.O. Box
Maidstone, Saskatchewan
S0M 1M0
 

Marshall #94
4702 - 26th Street
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan
S9V 1H9
Telephone: (306) 825-4847

Mayfair #141
1061 - 104th Street
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 1N4
Telephone: (306) 556-9989

Maymont #172
1615 McKenzie King Cres.
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 3C9
Telephone: (306) 445-1450

North Battleford #30
701 - 102nd Street North
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 1E2
Telephone: (306) 445-9397

Paynton #142
P.O. Box 76
Paynton, Saskatchewan
S0M 2J0
Telephone: (306) 895-4214

Wilkie #132
c/o P.O. Box 1752
North Battleford, Saskatchewan
S9A 3W2

Western Region II Region Office:
P.O. Box 397
Duck Lake, Saskatchewan
S0K 1J0
Telephone: (306) 467-2217
Facsimile: (306) 467-2160

Western Region II Local Offices: (18)

Batoche #51
P.O. Box 1, Site 5, R.R. #1
Wakaw, Saskatchewan
S0K 4P0

Big River #59
P.O. Box 131
Big River, Saskatchewan
S0J 0E0
Telephone: (306) 469-2030

Christopher Lake #108
R.R. 1, Site 1, Box 77
Christopher Lake, Saskatchewan
S0J 0N0

Crutwell #66
P.O. Box 3108
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 7M4
Telephone: (306) 763-7027

Debden #61
P.O. Box 239
Debden, Saskatchewan
S0J 0S0
Telephone: (306) 724-4686

Duck Lake #10
P.O. Box 397
Duck Lake, Saskatchewan
S0K 1J0
Telephone: (306) 467-2217

Kelsey Trail #223
P.O. Box 247
Weldon, Saskatchewan
S0J 3A0
Telephone: (306) 864-2999

Kinstino #43
P.O. Box 571
Kinistino, Saskatchewan
S0K 1H0
Telephone: (306) 864-3117

Leask #77
P.O. Box 534
Leask, Saskatchewan
S0J 1M0
Telephone: (306) 466-4647

Lily Plain #168
P.O. Box 1, R.R. 3, Site 4
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 5R1
Telephone: (306) 764-7778

MacDowall #83
Box 10, R.R. 3, Site 3
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 5R1
Telephone: (306) 764-8019

Marcelin #113
P.O. Box 191
Marcelin, Saskatchewan
S0J 1R0
Telephone: (306) 226-4611

Nordale #109
P.O. Box 643
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 5S2
Telephone: (306) 763-8476

Prince Albert #7
1439 - 12th Street West
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 3E7
Telephone: (306) 763-5356
Facsimile: (306) 763-1482

Prince Albert #269
326 - 16th Street West
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
S6V 3V6
Telephone: (306) 764-1172

St. Louis #28
P.O. Box
St. Louis, Saskatchewan
S0J 2C0

Shell Lake #81
P.O. Box 96
Shell Lake, Saskatchewan
S0J 2G0
Telephone: (306) 427-4717

Shellbrook #121
P.O. Box 509
Canwood, Saskatchewan
S0J 0K0
Telephone: (306) 468-2742

Victoire #129
P.O. Box 29
Shell Lake, Saskatchewan
S0J 2G0
Telephone: (306) 427-4905

Western Region IIA Region Office:
210-129 3rd Ave North
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7L 6M8
Telephone: (306) 244-1505
Facsimile: (306) 244-1928

Western Region IIA Local Offices: (15)

Beijennie/Willowfield #55
P.O. Box 161
Battleford, Saskatchewan
S0M 0E0
Telephone: (306) 937-3643

Bickleigh/Plato #170
c/o Box 383
Wilkie, Saskatchewan
S0K 4W0
Telephone: (306) 843-2814

Biggar #53
P.O. Box 1773
Biggar, Saskatchewan
S0K 0M0

Cando #36
General Delivery
Cando, Saskatchewan
S0K 0V0

Cumfi #165
315 Avenue F South
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7M 1T3
Telephone: (306) 242-2683

Delisle #173
P.O. Box 61
Harris, Saskatchewan
S0L 1K0
Telephone: (306) 656-4707

Fiske/D'Arcy #85
P.O. Box 1394
Kindersley, Saskatchewan
SOL 1S0

Gabriel Dumont #11
2123 York Avenue
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7J 1H7
Telephone: (306) 934-4932
Facsimile: (306) 955-0274

Kindersley #54
P.O. Box 1055
Kindersley, Saskatchewan
SOL 1S0
Telephone: (306) 463-3286

Langham #159
General Delivery
Martensville, Saskatchewan
S0K 2T0

Outlook #155
P.O. Box 15
Outlook, Saskatchewan
S0L 2N0
Telephone: (306) 867-8051

Ruthilda #105
P.O. Box
Biggar, Saskatchewan
S0K 0M0

Scott #112
c/o P.O. Box 383
Wilkie, Saskatchewan
S0K 4W0
Telephone: (306) 843-3328

Saskatoon #11A
217 Avenue V South
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7M 3E2
Telephone: (306) 384-7422

Saskatoon #126
261- 3240 - 33rd St. West
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7L 6S9
Telephone: (306) 384-1964

Western Region III Region Office:
1048 Queen Street
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4T 4A9
Telephone: (306) 545-7364/791-4610
Facsimile: (306) 359-0252/791-4172

Western Region III Local Offices: (8)

Assiniboia #86
P.O. Box
Ardill, Saskatchewan
S0H 0A0

Maple Creek #12
P.O. Box 52
Piapot, Saskatchewan
S0N 1Y0
Telephone: (306) 558-4499
 

Moose Jaw #160
100-12 High St. East
Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan
S6H 0B9
Telephone: (306) 693-3300

Regina #175
1100 Halifax St.
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4R 8M3
Telephone: (306) 790-4093
Facsimile: (306) 352-9917

Regina Beach #29
P.O. Box 65
Regina Beach, Saskatchewan
S0G 4C0
Telephone: (306) 729-4171

Riel/Regina #33
1427 McCarthy Blvd.
Regina, Saskatchewan
S4T 5T1
Telephone: (306) 775-2385

Swift Current #35
263 - 14th North East
Swift Current, Saskatchewan
S9H 2M3
Telephone: (306) 773-1729

Willow Bunch #17
P.O. Box 246
Willow Bunch, Saskatchewan
S0H 4K0
Telephone: (306) 473-2318
Reprinted with permission from Intergovernmental & Aboriginal Affairs Website:
http://www.iaa.gov.sk.ca/aboriginal /html/AC/Directory/AC_FSIN.htm

Appendix F:

Aboriginal education is thriving in Saskatchewan. Aboriginal scholars, writers and educators are contributing to an unprecedented volume of research enlightening today’s generation about Aboriginal history. Previously untapped oral histories are taking their rightful place beside (and in many cases instead of) mainstream history. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal scholars (such as Hoffman-Mercredi in Alberta and Christensen in Saskatchewan) are using both oral tradition and written documentation to rewrite Aboriginal history from the Aboriginal perspectives.

The ancestors of those whose voices have been repressed by legislated assimilation are emerging with their unwritten family records firmly committed to memory. As the growing quantity and quality of emerging Aboriginal knowledge demonstrates, the oral tradition has, in fact, proven resistant to even the most oppressive conditions. The formidable task of transmitting knowledge by word of mouth lends credence to the oral tradition that written versions of history do not have.

The timeline attempts to contextualize history. For example, the reader will notice that Columbus’ arrival goes almost unnoticed somewhere in the middle of the bottom half of the timeline, indicating that civilizations were thriving prior to his arrival and that plenty was yet to occur. This is not to say that this particular event wasn’t important to both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples. However, it does point out that the Aboriginal peoples were living and thriving long before this conspicuous point in history.

It is no longer acceptable for Aboriginal worldviews to be relegated as appendices to curriculum, nor to the margins of well meaning but limited archeological research. Aboriginal peoples have always had their own history carefully nestled in the hearts and minds of their Elders and in stories handed down from one generation to the next. Authentic Aboriginal knowledge has always existed. However, it has not always been treated with respect.

The timeline attempts to bring a more balanced view to the collective history of the people who now occupy North America. The timeline shows both in content and visually that a spectrum of human activity was taking place amongst both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal societies for centuries. The timeline shows that Aboriginal peoples do not rely on archeological evidence to validate their existence prior to contact with other peoples. The timeline also offers a glimpse into the numerous historical and contemporary contributions Aboriginal peoples have made to our society.

Caution students not to look at the boxes of information in isolation from one another. Developments over time are invariably connected to each other in some way. For example, how a people educate its children is always connected to their spiritual beliefs, to their economy, and to the way in which they govern themselves. Events described in the timeline are "snapshots" intended to show developments that do not necessarily occur sequentially. Events described in the timeline are also written in the present tense to encourage teachers and students to "stand" inside that event in that particular time in history.

One difficulty in creating a timeline that reflects the Aboriginal worldview is language. It is known that Aboriginal languages lose meaning when translated into English. Therefore the English language does not easily lend itself to describing Aboriginal concepts. But translating Aboriginal ideas using the English language is only part of the problem. Research sources are often biased in the way they attribute motivation to past events. As contemporary people, we sometimes assume that hindsight gives us greater clarity and insight describing events from. Both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal historical knowledge is subject to the biases of contemporary writers. How many of us, for example, understand the process by which Aboriginal peoples transferred information from one generation to the next? Do we really know how the keepers of Aboriginal knowledge meticulously maintained the integrity of the messages they earned the right to preserve? Can we really be sure that Paleolithic peoples were "mystical" in their beliefs? Every effort has been made to avoid a tone of judgement on ancestral and contemporary peoples. This timeline was created with great humility and respect to the ancestors whose lives are represented on both sides of this timeline.

Another difficulty in constructing a timeline is deciding what information to include and what information to exclude. Some of the information for example, may not be relevant to a specific region. However, this can be turned into an advantage if the viewer sees the gaps as challenges, and extends this timeline to include regionally specific information. Having students research the history of their own communities is seen as a worthy and productive extension of other timeline activities. Viewers in all regions are encouraged to adapt the timeline to suit their own needs.

It is also important that teachers and students add to the timeline those people who have played a significant role in the history of their particular region. Specific names, as well as specific events, will make the timeline more relevant to those whose lives have been affected by them. The pieces of information within the timeline therefore, may be seen as springboards for discussion and further investigation.

(ML)

(NS)

Cajete, Gregory. (2000). Native Science: Natural Laws of Independence. Sante Fe, NM: Clear Light Publishers

(NA)

Champagne, Duane. (1994). Native America: Portrait of the Peoples. Detroit, MI: Visible Ink Press

(A)

(CFN)

(HAC)

(ASG)

(HWS)

(SV)

(STI)

(IHL)

(IG)

(SC)

Wright, Ronald. 1992, Stolen Continents The "New World" Through Indian Eyes since 1492. Toronto, ON: Penguin Books.

      

Original Peoples Historical Developments in Aboriginal and European Worlds Interrelated, simultaneous developments...

Economies The way(s) in which people meet their basic needs.   C S R T E O A R T  I I  E O S N Agriculture In some cases, permanent settlements long predate agriculture, in others the reverse occurs; agricultural experimentation begins long before the adoption of a sedentary life style. (CFN 44) Collective Economies   The Europeans would later look to the Incas as exemplars of how to manage a socialist economy without private property, money or markets. (IG 172) Horticulturalists The proto-Iroquoian-speaking people living in the lower Great Lakes make one of the most revolutionary changes… when they take up corn cultivation. … Well before the arrival of the Europeans, the Iroquoians are skilled horticuluralists. (IHL 5)   Governance The processes by which groups of people make and carry out decisions. Social Organization   The power of leaders depends on their capacity to provide for their community, as well as their powers of persuasion; perhaps most importantly of all, they are expected to set an example for their people. (CFN 45) The Principle of Non-interference Among North American indigenous societies in general there is a powerful imperative to avoid opposing one’s will on another individual in all but the most extreme situations. (SV 9) Leadership In plains societies, a chief and a council of Elders, chosen for their leadership abilities, oversee the affairs of the summer and winter camps. When several groups gather in the summer, the oldest and most respected winter leader acts as spokesperson for the entire group. (IHL 29) Community and Kinship The way(s) people organize and educate themselves so that they can live together. Early Education Common elements in education are: shaping behaviour by positive example, subtle guidance toward desired behaviour through the use of games, the use of stories for didactic purposes and ritualized ceremonies to impart rite-of-passage lessons. (SV 17) Linguistic Diversity People speak numerous languages and countless dialects that derive from eleven major language families…. Linguistic divisions do not create insurmountable communication barriers…. Most of the groups are bilingual as a consequence of centuries-old trading, warring, and diplomatic traditions. (IHL 5-6) Skills and Knowledge Instruction is suffused with deeply ingrained spirituality, an invariable tendency to relate the material and personal to the spiritual world. The approach to instruction relies on looking, listening and doing. (SV 16)     World View The ideas, beliefs and values people in groups agree to use as the basis for understanding reality. Early Knowledge Teachings involve … understanding of the genesis of individuals and the world they inhabit, the origins and attainments of the collectivity to which they belong, the rules governing the behaviour of human beings and other life forms, and, ultimately, the purpose of the existence of individuals, collectivities and the created world. (SV 15) Interdependence The summer sundance is the grand ceremony of the Plains people. It takes place following a summer buffalo hunt especially to obtain food for the elaborate feast. Every aspect of Plains culture is symbolically represented in the event and serves to renew bonds between attendees. (IHL 32) Spiritual Reality: Aboriginal People believe: there is a Creator who created reality. (A 6) all life is a manifestation of spiritual reality. Humans come from the spirit world; and when they leave this life, they return to the spirit world. (CG 37)