Learning Objectives

10.1 To identify textile terminology. (COM)

Using samples, explain a number of terms related to textiles:

• fiber – staple, filament
• natural fibers
• manufactured fibers
• yarns
• monofilament, multifilament
• spun
• twist
• textured
• novelty
• simple yarn
• ply
• cord

• complex yarn

• nub
• bouclé
• gimp
• chenille
• slub
• weft or filling yarns
• warp yarns
• fabric
• combination yarns
• blends

Place samples in the portfolio.

Develop textile terminology into a matching or reading assignment.

10.2 To identify the sources, processing, characteristics, and uses of natural fibers. (COM)

Distinguish between natural plant and animal fibers:

Plant sources:

• cotton
• linen
• ramie
• hemp
• jute

Animal sources:

• wool
• silk
• angora
• camel’s hair
• mohair
• alpaca
• vicuna

Research an assigned fiber for source, advantages, disadvantages, and end uses. Present the research to the class through a commercial, poster, or presentation format.

Conduct burning (odor, bead, ash), chemical, and microscopic natural fiber tests. Prepare a resource manual. With the manual, identify an unknown fabric sample.

Examine a variety of natural fabric samples and determine suitable personal, interior, and industrial uses.

• cotton – corduroy, flannel, velveteen, broadcloth, denim, terry towel
• wool – crepe, worsted
• silk – broadcloth
• linen – handkerchief, tea toweling

10.3 To describe consumer symbols for natural fibers. (COM)

Show examples of:

• seal of cotton
• woolmark label
• wool blend symbol

10.4 Identify the sources, processing, characteristics, and uses of manufactured fibers. (CCT)

Distinguish between cellulosic fibers made from wood pulp and non-cellulosic fibers made from carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen molecules:

Cellulosic:

• Rayon
• Acetate
• Triacetate

Non-cellulosic:

• Nylon
• Polyester
• Polypropolene
• Acrylic
• Modacrylic
• Olefin
• Spandex
• Metallic
• Glass
• Aramid
• Rubber

Conduct burning, chemical, and microscopic manufactured fiber tests and add to the resource manual started with natural fibers. Using the manual, identify an unknown manufactured fiber sample.

Become familiar with generic and trade mark names associated with manufactured fibers.

Research a manufactured fiber. Include the following: name of person or company and date the fiber was first manufactured, manufacturing process used, interior, and industrial uses of the fiber.

See Module 10.2 Natural Fiber notes for other ideas.

10.5 To analyze fiber characteristics found in fabrics and determine the desirability . (CCT )

Explain fiber characteristics and examine a variety of fabrics for these characteristics:

• Tensile strength
• Resilience
• Absorbency
• abrasion resistance including pilling
• wrinkle resistance
• shape retention
• moisture wicking
• washability – including general, farm chemical, oil field, soiled
• static electricity

Test a number of fiber characteristics from a variety of fabrics.

10.6 To compare and contrast the characteristics of natural and manufactured fibers used together in a blend or combination yarn. (CCT)

Using a catalogue, record fabric blends and percentages.

If possible, visit a fabric or clothing store to examine the fiber content. Note the variety of effects created by blending fibres. Explain why the different fibers were used together.

Explain the different methods of making fabrics and use fabric samples to identify the methods:

• weaving
• knitting
• felting
• netting

Introduce fabric characteristics:

• type of construction
• texture
• hand
• weight

10.8 To examine woven fabric for crosswise and lengthwise grain, filling and warp yarns, selvage, and true bias. (COM)

Introduce the basic weaves:

• plain
• twill
• satin
• pile

Use strips of coloured paper for yarn, recreate plain, twill, and satin weaves.

Introduce fabric names associated with the different weaves. Display samples.

Have a community person demonstrate how to prepare yarn for weaving, show the loom parts, different loom types, and the weaving process.

Examine other weaves:

• leno
• jacquard

• dobby

Examine a variety of textile fabrics to identify various weaves. (CCT)

List basic weave variations:

• basket
• rib
• herringbone
• sateen

10.9 To explore knitting process in making fabric. (COM)

Introduce the knitting process. Explain the difference between weft and warp knits. Discuss the characteristics and suitable uses for each. Give examples of fabric names used for weft and warp knits.

Weft or filling knits:

• single knit
• jersey or plain knit
• purl knit
• rib knit
• double knit

Warp knits:

• tricot
• raschel knit

10.10 To examine other processes of fabric construction.

Introduce other processes of fabric construction:

• non-woven – felting, interfacing, disposable diapers, batting
• bonded – fusible web, rubberized rain wear
• laminated – foam between outer and backing layers
• stretch – swim and exercise wear
• laces and nets
• braid – shoelaces, trims
• quilted – batting in between fabric layers

Make a felted or quilted fabric; then make the fabric into an accessory or make a braid or lace; then apply it as trim to an accessory.

10.11 To examine and explore fabric colouration and printing processes. (CCT)

Introduce colouring and printing terminology and processes.

Define gray goods.

Define colour and printing processes, include bleaching and dyeing.

Dyes may be natural and synthetic.

Define colourfast.

Some methods of dyeing include:

• fiber – stock, solution
• yarn
• piece – cross, vat
• product
• resist – batik, tie dye

Some printing processes include:

• roller
• screen
• rotary screen
• heat transfer
• flock
• block

Collect a variety of fabric samples. Identify a possible dye or printing method used to colour the fabric.

Test a variety of unwashed coloured fabrics for colourfastness.

Dye or print a fabric. Make the fabric into an accessory or garment. Techniques to use may include:

• silk screening
• tie dying
• block printing

Note: Printed fabric may have been designed in art class.

Research natural dyeing techniques. Experiment with the processes using pieces of muslin.

Explain fabric finish terminology using samples.

10.12 To identify fabric finish terminology. (COM)

Define the following terms:

• permanent
• durable
• temporary
• renewable

10.13 To describe and evaluate a variety of chemical and mechanical finishes. (CCT)

Introduce chemical finishes and identify some trade names:

• antistatic
• flame-resistant
• crease-resistant
• soil release
• water-repellent
• waterproof
• stain-resistant
• wrinkle-resistant
• mildew-resistant
• moth-resistant

Introduce mechanical finishes and identify some trade names:

• brushing – napping
• beetling
• calendaring
• emboss
• rubbing
• cutting
• compressive shrinking
• preshrinking
• fulling
• drying and stretching
• heat setting
• crabbing
• tentering
• shearing
• pressing

Design and cut out a garment from a piece of cardboard. Choose to illustrate fiber content, dyeing or printing method used, and chemical and mechanical finishes. Describe your garment to the class and explain the reasons for your choices.

Collect a variety of fabrics with different chemical and mechanical finishes. Test the finish for effectiveness and record results. When possible, launder the sample, test for effectiveness and reapply the finish. Record and discuss the results.

Make bingo cards. In each square list examples of different fabrics, weaves, dyeing methods, and finishes. Visit a fabric store or use a catalogue to find examples for each square. Record results.

Brainstorm careers related to textiles. Present an oral report on a textile-related career.

10.15 To consider textile consumer information and protection legislation in Canada.

Introduce:

• Textile Labeling Act
• Sleepware Flammability Regulations

Make a garment hang tag.

10.16 To examine new textiles as they come on the market.

Provide media clips and when possible samples of new textiles.