Have several examples of illustrations that demonstrate how proportions are determined to show students what to look for in their work.

Have students frame a face in a camera viewfinder and look at the facial features and their proportions. Most faces have equal spacing between the lines that divide the following facial areas:

• Upper Band - from the top of the head across the hairline including the forehead.
• Middle Band - from the eyebrow line to the bottom of the nose.
• Lower Band - from a line running across the base of the nose to the bottom of the chin.

These bands vary slightly from face to face but also define how regular the face is in reality one to another.

Have students categorize faces in four categories; square, oval, round and triangular. A triangular face has a wider forehead -wider top band than lower band, whereas a square face has a wider lower band. If the face is of regular proportion it is termed an oval face and is typically the most photogenic and therefore easiest to photograph.

Have the students discuss the characteristics or imperfections that might be avoided or included to create a particular subject's composition. There may be unattractive features on the face that can be avoided with careful positioning of the subject. For example, altering the lighting and/or the position of the subject or moving the camera typically may help to hide those undesirable features.

The camera can be placed in one of three positions relative to the face of the subject:

• Neutral Position - a close-up of the face with the camera level with the subject's eyes does not correct any facial features.
• High Angle - emphasizes the upper band of the face and the eyes as they are closer to the camera and also shortens the neck.
• Low Angle - brings out the middle and lower bands of the face emphasizing the neck, chin and mouth, and shortening the nose and forehead.

For information on composition see Modules 27 and Appendix E. Notes