Frequently Asked Questions: Naturalistic Observation

What is the naturalistic observational method of research?

In naturalistic observational research the observer does not intervene at all. The researcher is invisible and works hard not to interrupt the natural dynamics of the situation being investigated.

What do I need to consider when doing observational research?

• Try to be “invisible”, do not get involved in the dynamics of the situation.
• Use all of your senses, not just your sense of vision. Record the sounds, smells and tastes (if applicable).
• Record your impressions and feelings. How do you feel while observing? Were you frightened, surprised, anxious, amused, excited? Relate what you were feeling to what you were observing.
• Record the context of the situation: place, time, participants, numbers of participants, gender of participants, etc.
• Record what you were thinking during the observation. Did the situation remind you of something similar? Had you experienced something similar. What do you think the participants were thinking about while you were observing?
• Record all of your information in a journal. Use shorthand or abbreviations if necessary.

What are the issues, or concerns in conducting observational research?

• Completeness of information recorded is critical to gain a complete understanding of the dynamics of the situation.
• Accuracy of the information recorded is crucial. Did you miss anything? Did you record it exactly as you observed it?
• Avoid bias. Did I “add” to what I observed by presuming or assuming something that did not exist?
• Would someone else who had not observed the same thing be able to get a clear, correct picture of what you observed by reading your notes?
• Respect confidentiality. Be sure not to name people or places in your presentation of the information. You have not asked participants for their permission to conduct research, and so therefore they have the right to remain anonymous. Refer to the general situation; for example, a school playground, an urban mall, a farm, a family gathering, etc.
• Videotaping, audiotaping or taking photographs of the situation is infringing on the participant's rights to privacy. Use only your written notes.

What materials will I need?

• Journal, note paper, writing materials