Resource-based Learning
Resource-based teaching and learning is a means by which teachers
can greatly assist the development of attitudes and abilities for independent,
lifelong learning. Resource-based instruction is student-centred. The opportunity
to make choices in an environment rich in resources, where the thoughts and
feelings of students are respected, is vital to the development of autonomous
learners.
Some guidelines for incorporating resource-based learning in
Wellness 10 include:
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use the objectives of a unit as starting points for selecting
resources that represent a strong curriculum fit
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use Wellness 10: A Bibliography, the annotated bibliography
that complements this curriculum guide, as a starting point for choosing
resources
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use a variety of resources in classroom teaching, showing
students that you are a lifelong learner who constantly seeks out reliable
sources of knowledge
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discuss with students the use of libraries, government
departments and other agencies, and electronic information systems in their
research
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encourage students to draw upon appropriate resources, including
human resources, in their own communities.
Questions most often asked about resource-based learning are
listed below.
How can I give the same lesson and assignments when
the students do not all have the same resource?
Different types of activities on the same topic can be occurring
in the classroom at the same time, with students using various resources.
(See Instructional Approaches: A Framework for Professional Practice from
Saskatchewan Learning and the Instructional Strategies Series from SIDRU/SPDU
for information regarding instruction.)
Note: It should be emphasized that choice of resources affects
planning for instructional strategies and assessment techniques for each lesson.
How can I have a variety of resources available to the
students?
Various strategies for acquiring resources can be employed.
Some ideas are listed below:
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The annotated bibliography for Wellness 10 provides an
“other uses” category so that schools can obtain resources that
meet the needs of more than one specific grade or subject area. For example,
a title that supports a unit in Wellness 10 may also support units or modules
in Life Transitions, Physical Education, Social Studies, English Language
Arts, or Health Education.
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Media Group provides videos at a nominal fee of one dollar
per program plus the cost of a blank videotape, shipping, and applicable
taxes.
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People are a resource. Often there is someone knowledgeable
on a certain topic in the community who may be willing to speak to the students.
Guest speakers can also be located by contacting the Health Promotion contact
person within the health region.
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Free or inexpensive items can sometimes be obtained from
provincial or federal departments listed in the blue pages of the telephone
book.
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Some schools circulate resources to other schools in the
school division where teachers want to use the material when teaching a
unit during a different week or month than other teachers.
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Networking can be useful in sharing ideas, within a school
or between schools. Co-operative planning with a teacher-librarian or fellow
teacher can provide ideas for using resources already available within the
school or elsewhere in the school division.
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E-resources for Wellness 10 are available through the Evergreen
Curriculum at www.sasked.gov.sk. ca/curr_inst/iru/wellres.html
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Use the Wellness discussion area at Saskatchewan Learning’s
web site to discuss teacher and student resources that other teachers have
used (www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/ docs/evergrn.html).
For more information, refer to:
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Selecting Fair and Equitable Learning Materials (Saskatchewan Learning, 1991)
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Diverse Voices: Selecting Equitable Resources for Indian
and Métis Education (Saskatchewan Learning, 1992)
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Role of Technology
Using information and communication technology can assist students in the achievement
of many of the objectives in Wellness 10. In their research and information
management, students can use multimedia resources to find, access, retrieve,
and process information and ideas from electronic sources. Students may use
word processing to plan, draft, format, and revise written work. They also may
use presentation software and audiovisual technologies to enhance the effectiveness
of their oral and written presentations. Students should be aware that they
have a responsibility to understand the school’s acceptable use policy,
and to assess the accuracy and value of information from different sources.
The Wellness 10 objectives assist teachers in determining what technology to
use and how to use it. When using computer software programs, for example, teachers
consider how the software will help students develop a repertoire of strategies
for accessing, comprehending, and responding to a variety of resources and situations.
Effective software provides for different levels of instruction and a variety
of ways of learning wellness concepts, skills, or values in an interesting way.
Effective software encourages students to learn in genuine and relevant contexts.
Ineffective software, by contrast, is often very narrow and superficial
(e.g., focusing on skills and drills in isolation and offering the learner few
choices and little control). Such software often decontextualizes learning.
In Wellness 10, students can make entries in their action plan journal electronically
rather than in a pen and paper fashion. Journal entries can then be sent as
an attachment in an e-mail message to a support person. This allows support
people to respond with suggestions, encouragement, and other prompts.
Teachers can use technology to enhance their teaching of Wellness 10 in a variety
of ways. Teachers can, for example, create a web page dedicated to the Wellness
10 course that contains the course outline and schedule, teacher notes, assignment
descriptions, student assignments, assessment and evaluation forms, and so on.
On this web page, teachers can also include information downloaded from the
Internet that students will need to complete their assignments, thus reducing
the students’ time spent finding reliable information. Such a web page
would also encourage tele-collaborative projects where, for example, students
could work on a Wellness 10 project with students from other schools. Web sites
such as www.epals.com are designed to facilitate
such distance collaborative learning experiences. In lieu of, or in addition
to, creating a Wellness 10 course web page, teachers can place course information
on a compact disk (CD) or digital video disk (DVD).
The following checkpoints are intended to provide guidance in the integration
and application of technology skills and tools in Wellness 10. Throughout Wellness
10, students may have opportunities to develop the following knowledge and capabilities:
Information Management
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Participate in a range of activities that involve on-line
communication. Understand the limitations of the medium and be aware of
possible hazards within the on-line environment.
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Be an efficient user of the Internet:
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Assemble and organize different viewpoints in order to
assess their validity. Use information technology to find facts that support
or refute various viewpoints.
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Evaluate the authority, reliability, and validity of electronically
accessed information.
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Use information communication technology to locate information
and gather opinions, evaluate data critically, and share ideas.
Hardware Use and Care
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Use available technology independently and competently
to produce work at an appropriate level.
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Understand the causes of “repeated use syndrome”
and practise ergonomically correct use of all hardware. Know and practise
exercises and procedures to prevent injury.
Software Use and Care
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Understand and practise efficient file management.
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Use productivity tools to enter, edit, manipulate, and
distribute information.
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Investigate, predict, and test inferences by manipulating
data through the use of appropriate software.
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Locate appropriate software on the World Wide Web and be
able to download, install, and test it in a manner that follows school policy.
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Create web pages or other web-based resources.
Social and Ethical Issues
- Understand mass media techniques and be able to make informed decisions
based on critical awareness of media environments.
- Practise responsible use:
- demonstrate the ethical and legal use of digital resources
- comply with current school or school division acceptable use policy
and be able to analyze it and suggest improvements to it
- respect intellectual property rights and provide proper referencing
of all sources used
employ effective strategies to maintain personal safety in a digital environment;
consider proactive measures to make the Internet a safer place.
Environmental Awareness
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Assess and evaluate the impact of Information Communication
Technology (ICT) on self, society, and the environment.
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Assess and evaluate the effect of ICT in the personal environment
and the global
community, and consider ways to ameliorate negative impacts.